1. Introduction

The optical communication is referred to as guided media is as shown in figure 1. The optical networks are classified with respect to users and systems i.e., 1:1, 1: N, and N:1 and N:N. The optical networks will also provide the quality of service i.e., point to point and/or multipoint communication. Hence the Optical Communication System (OCS) is given by

Figure 1. Optical Communication Block Diagram

The bandwidth is defined as the difference between the higher data rate to the lower data rate. These data rates are measured in bits per second. Hence the normal conversion in optical networks is taken by 1Hz= 2bps. The network estimation is measured by its demand distribution which is represented in figure 2.

Figure 2. Optical Communication Block Diagram

2. Survivable Techniques Implementation

In optical communication networks survivability resolves the effective throughput through a process during and after a failure.

First method the network connectivity should be obtained through the path (link) connectivity. Next Data Connectivity should be established through the path. Hence the Digital Cross Connectivity is estimated with

DXC = Link connectivity + Data Connectivity

Second method: Further the Digital cross connectivity can be enhanced through the Digital signal levels along with the optical carriers (OC) in order to obtain the Optical Cross Connectivity. Therefore Optical Cross Connectivity (OXC) is obtained by multiplying the DXC with Data Signals.

The evaluation of optical network connectivity’s is further evaluated through the different types of connectivity’s and also their architectures which are distributed through two different layers viz. physical layer and logical layer as shown in figure 3.

Figure 3. Optical Communication Block Diagram

Fiber optic physical layer connectivity is as shown in figure 4.

Figure 4. Physical Layer Connectivity

The parameters are

1) Fiber demand: It is the demand which is expressed as the number of nodes (users) vs. the capacity.

2) Protection methodologies: It can be expressed as the link protection, path protection and network protection in order to obtain maximum protection through alternative paths. It is given by

Survivability ratio = (Total number of demands after failure)/ (Total number of demands before failure)

3) Demand distribution: It is defined as the path associated either direct, indirect and quasi (combination of both direct and indirect). In direct path transmission the source node will transmit the information directly to the reception node. In the indirect transmission the information is divided into number of parcel list (splitting into number of parts). In quasi the information can be received in both direct and indirect transmission modes.

4) Synchronous and Asynchronous: It enables the tools for real time communications in order to support the high data transfer rate from sender to the receiver (Kbps to Tbps). In asynchronous mode data transfer rate will be slow as the sender provides a signal before starting of each data.

The Logical layer connectivity is as shown in figure 5. The Logical layer is given by

Figure 5. Logical Layer Connectivity

1) Integration of Optical Network Design Issues: It is expressed in terms of node graph and flow graph.

2) Maximizing the Channel Utilization: It is given by maximum bandwidth utilization in terms of the path propagation between sender and receiver.

3) Multi-hop Optical Network: It is going to provide different types of multiple connectivity’s across sender and receiver in a network.

4) Scalability and Node mobility: These two terms enables the network size and their patterns.

5) Spatial locality: It gives the information about the slot position and packet position in path propagation queue in Figure 6, 7 and 8.

Figure 6. Spatial Channel location method-1

Figure 7. Spatial Channel location method-2

Figure 8. Spatial Channel location method-3

6) Optical channel resource sharing: It ensures fairness of distribution of packets in terms of location dependent and location independent methods in order to perform propagation.

7) Optical Channel Capacity: It provides the communication of a channel in order to calculate the information capacity for a given network.

8) Quality of Service (QoS): It provides the basic connectivity and its performance is measured by input, output and throughput.

3. Design and Implementation

Table 3.1. Digital Cross connectivity matrix

Table 3.2. DS0 Digital Cross connectivity matrix in Mbps

Table 3.3. DS1 Digital Cross connectivity matrix in Mbps

Table 3.4. DS0 Digital Cross connectivity matrix in MHz

Table 3.5. DS0 Digital Cross connectivity matrix in MHz

Table 3.6. Bandwidth (DS1-DS0)

4. Conclusions

Optical communication represents the physical layer by means of guided media. It establishes different node connectivity in a network and also establishes the physical path between transmitter and receiver. The logical layer enhances multilayer network topology in order to ensure the spatial locality and maximum utilization of optical channel capacity.

This work can be carried out by using different algorithms in a distributed manner with statistics and as well as stochastic methodologies.