1. Introduction

Economics is the most important aspect. The power of economic has entered into various lines of daily life activities, whether it is in the realm of politics, social domain or other domains. The continuity of economic activities is directly proportional to the increasing mobility of information and technology aspects. This economic condition causes profit companies to continue to compete with existing sophistication. Both domestic companies and international companies expand their competitiveness at various levels, starting from low-end to high-end levels. The company's goals are widening to reach rural areas. This increasingly competition has caused companies to increas massively in finding more consumers, both permanent consumers and potential consumers are all embraced by the company with a variety of strategies.

Entering new types of digital-based business into a new color in the world of modern economics, people are increasingly enjoying the economic process with integrity.

One of the new types of business that many people talk about is online transportation. It is undeniable that nowadays online transportation is a new favorite of transportation that is liked by customers, the ease and level of effectiveness in online transportation have become its own advantage for it, besides being a safe and comfortable public transportation. It relatively has the same price as public transportation, and that is another advantage of online transportation. PT Go-Jek Indonesia is one of the pioneers for online transportation in Indonesia. Established in 2010 Go-Jek transformed into a new leader in the field of "shuttle (pick up and deliver)". The system offered by Go-Jek is very interesting. The transaction system carried out by Go-Jek is virtual, which reduces the waiting time that has been a problem for transportation user. In addition, the partnership offered to drivers is not pegged during working hours, it means that everyone who wants to be a partner can operate the vehicle according to their will without coercion from the company. The rise of Go-jek’s popularity is inseparable from the central role of the company's marketing media, optimal marketing communication makes Go-Jek become public transportation services. It was proven that the presence of Go-Jek changed the new order and regulation of the state about transportation, more than that, the benefit offered by PT Go-Jek could also raise the economic value of the community. Reflecting on the Go-Jek phenomenon, we can look more closely at the marketing communication process conducted by Go-Jek, this is because online transportation as a new idea can be received quickly by all levels of society. The strength of marketing communication carried out by Go-Jek is centered on internet and television media, beside that the collaboration between companies can increase the popularity of Go-Jek in the society.

According to Shimp (2002: 24) Integrated Marketing Communication is the process of developing and implementing various forms of persuasive communication programs to customers and prospective customers’ continously.

An important point in this study is the process of addressing the community towards Go-Jek as a new business field through an integrated marketing communication (IMC) system, in determining the communication breakthroughs, Go-Jek must also know the consumer's response to the communication tools that have been used. These responses can be in the cognitive, affective, and conative stages. The purpose of this response analysis is to determine the needs and desires of consumers, so that PT Go-Jek Indonesia as a company can redefine the strategy in its integrated marketing communication.

The measurement of the response to PT Gojek Indonesia's Integrated Marketing Communication to determine the needs and desires of consumers will use a hierarchy-of-effects model that consists of cognitive stage (awareness, knowledge); affective (liking, preference, conviction); and the conative stage (purchase) described in Kotler & Keller (2006: 500). Based on the background described above, the research was carried out with the title "Analysis of The End Consumer Responses’ on Integrated Marketing Communication in the Cognitive, Affective and Conative Stages (Case Study on PT Go-Jek Indonesia)".

2. Review of Literature

2.1. Integrated Marketing Communication

2.1.1. Definition of Integrated Communication

According to Kotler and Armstrong (2004: 247) Integrated Marketing Communication is a concept where a company integrates and coordinates communication channels to send a clear, consistent and convincing message regarding to the company and its products. Whereas according to (Baack & Kenneth, 2012: 24) (Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is the coordination and integration of all communication, tool and source marketing tools in a company designed to maximize the impact on customers and other end users with minimal costs). According to Belch, (2009) Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is a business strategy process that is used to develop, execute, evaluate, measure, a brand communication program within a certain period of time to consumers, customers, employees, and other targets both for internal and external viewers of the company. The goal is to gain financial benefits both for the short and long term and increase the value of a brand. Whereas According to Shimp, (2003: 24) Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is a process of developing and implementing various forms of persuasive communication programs to customers and prospective customers’ constinously. Based on the understanding of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) stated by several experts, it can be concluded that IMC is a combination of marketing communication modes namely Advertising, Sales Promotion, Public Relations (Publicity), Personal Selling, Sponsorship Marketing and Points-of-purchase Communication plays an important role in enhancing the brand equity of a company, therefore internal integrity / coordination of the company is needed to create mutually supportive coherence so that it can be conveyed to consumers' minds.

2.1.2. Stage of IMC Development

According to Don Schultz, the IMC development strategy was developed through four stages. The first stage, the company simply integrates all the elements of marketing communication in one voice. The company still dominates its communication with consumers, because the message strategy and the media used are not based on the actual needs of consumers. The second stage, the attention to consumers has been done by the company, they feel the need to learn about customer experience. The company will look for new contact brands, innovative ones and outside traditional media. They began to look for alternative media that were interactive and identified all possible brand contacts. While the third stage must begin with the transformation of a consumer-based organization that supports the implementation of the IMC. This stage is an investment in information technology that supports strategic IMC needs. The company has used an accurate customer database for division-based on communication purposes. Here IMC has become a top management responsibility that must make all divisions work better together, integrated and produce synergies.

In the fourth stage, the company is very sophisticated and able to implement IMC. They have the ability to calculate the ROI of each communication activity and understand its impact. Their ability to change strategies and communication tactics tends to be fast and adaptive. Here, the company will be a knowledge creation company, flexible, and able to make customized communications.

Only in the third and fourth stages, IMC can be said to have surpassed the tactical level of all communication elements. In both stages, IMC has become a true integration by applying market research strategically.

2.2. Responses in the Cognitive, Affective and Conative Stages

2.2.1. Cognitive Responses

Some cognitive understandings according to experts including; According to Drever, quoted by Nurani and Sujiono (2004: 23) stated that "cognitive is a general term that includes all models of understanding, namely perception, imagination, arrest of meaning, judgment, and reasoning". Meanwhile, according to Piaget, stated that "cognitive is how humans adapt and interpret objects and events around them." Piaget views that humans play an active role in compiling their knowledge of reality, humans are not passive in receiving information. (Nurani and Sujiono, 2004: 24) Although the process of thinking and human conception of reality has been modified by his experience with the world around him, man also actively interprets the information he gains from experience, and adapts it to knowledge and conception.

2.2.2. Affective Responses

Consumer emotions or feelings about certain products or brands are affective responses from certain attitudes. These emotions and feelings are often considered by consumer researchers to be highly evaluative, which includes a person's assessment of the object's attitude directly and comprehensive (or to the extent that someone assesses the object's attitude 'pleasant' or 'unpleasant', 'good' or 'bad' ) Touching experiences are also considered emotional states (such as happiness, sadness, shame, disgust, anger, hardships, mistakes, or astonishment). Emotional circumstances can enhance or strengthen positive and negative experiences and that memories of these experiences can influence what arises and how individuals act (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2007: 226).

2.2.3. Conative Response

Conative response (behavior), which is the stage where there is the possibility or tendency of an individual to take a specific action or behave in a certain way towards a particular object of attitude. According to some interpretations, the conative response includes the actual behavior itself. Conative responses are often regarded as statements of consumers' intentions to buy (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2007: 227).

2.3. End Users

End users according to Kotler & Keller (2009: 11) are: "End users are consumers who buy products for personal use."

According to Ralona M (2006), End users are users of a product or service. To get a product or service, the user is not always a buyer.

3. Theoretical Framework

This study analyzes consumer responses regarding aspects of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) from cognitive, affective, and conative perceptions. IMC as a corporate communication pattern in attracting the period becomes a popular strategy at this time, the level of strategy that is run by the company has an impact on the results that will be received from the community as consumers. The response is an important point that will be discussed in this study, the use of varied communication patterns allows consumers to have more desire to become permanent customers or at least customers will try the products offered. This stage will determine the type of consumer response, including cognitive, affective, or conative.

3.1. Model Analysis and Research Hypothesis

3.1.1. Analysis Model

Referring to the theoretical framework in the previous chapter, an analysis model of this study will be presented:

Figure 1. Research Analysis Model

3.1.2. Research Hypothesis

Based on the understanding stated above, the research hypothesis is:

“Integrated Marketing Communication conducted by Go-Jek Indonesia has an impact on consumer responses at the Cognitive, Affective, and Conative levels.”

4. Research Method

4.1. Research Sites

The research carried out by the authors was in Bandung, while the location of the Bandung Branch of Go-Jek Indonesia office is on Jl. Kiaracondong, Binong, Batununggal, Bandung, West Java 40265.

The research subjects analyzed were Go-Jek Indonesia consumers who specifically have riden the Go-Ride service. Go-Ride itself is a customer pick-up service from the pick-up point to the destination. Basic considerations used in determining Go-Ride as an analysis material, Go-Ride is a priority product service of Go-Jek as well as the most sought after.

Based on this opinion, the population in this study is all Go-Jek consumers with specific reference to the users of the Go-Ride service. Based on interviews at the Bandung branch of the Go-Jek office, there are approximately 600-700 Go-Ride service transactions per day. Based on this opinion, the population taken is 650 transactions with consideration of the midpoint between the population numbers.

4.2. Sample

The sample used in this study is representative of the study population, namely consumers of PT Go-Jek Indonesia. In accordance with this research where objects have a large population, thus requiring samples that are able to represent. The number of samples that will be used as research is 87 people.

5. Descriptive Analysis

Marketing Communication design stage of marketing communication that is formed in accordance with the goals and needs of the company, so conclusions can be drawn from the definition of integrated marketing communication (IMC). PT Go-Jek Indonesia as a large company that continues to grow without realizing it has implemented the integrated marketing communication, for some of the steps taken by Go-Jek Indonesia are as follows:

1. Advertising of PT Go-Jek's step in building marketing communications is through advertising media, these steps are spread into all types of advertising media in Indonesia, both in TV, Radio, Printed Media, and Internet.

Figure 2. Examples of Gojek Advertising in Various Media: (1) TV Media (2) Print Media

From the results of the researchers' review of the implementation of communications through advertising marketing, it can be known that PT Go-Jek Indonesia has implemented an advertising program as a marketing media. Strategic steps in distributing advertising media were well organized, this was felt by the presence of Go-Jek advertisements at Prime Time (the most watched television broadcasts, between 18:00 and 21:00). Besides that, interesting and unique advertising media often add to the interest of potential consumers to try Go-Jek as an alternative transportation.

2. Sales Promotion

PT Go-Jek in developing its marketing communications always brings new innovations, one of which is various kinds of promotions Go-Jek is offered as a trigerred form for potential passengers in using Go-Jek for their transportation to take. We can often see these promotions in the service application or in its appearance with advertising that is present in various media, not infrequently the sales promotion is in an electronic message media, this is intended to have an exclusive impression that is intertwined when offering the promotion.

3. Personal Communication

Other marketing communications that can be reviewed in depth are the Personal Communication carried out by Go-Jek to its customers, this can be through the information provided by Driver Go-jek as partners, or through communication channels available in various media (media telephone, application, website, social media etc.)

4. Public Relation and Publicity (public relations and news)

Go-jek, which is currently categorized into a giant company in the field of transportation, conducts a series of public relations activities and its reporting through several channels of strategic activities can be seen from the following picture.

Figure 3. Public Relations and Publicity Go-Jek Indonesia: (1) Indonesian Football League Sponsorship (2) Go-Jek "Hero day" event (3) Press Release in cooperation with BPJS

Based on Figure 3 it can be concluded that Go-jek has carried out several business maneuvers to carry out integrated marketing communications, this relates to public relations and reporting which has a significant impact on public brand awareness.

5. Instructial Material

Instructial material is a type of one-way marketing communication that is faced to customers through a media / tool / object so that communication purposes can be conveyed. Based on this definition we can study together, Go-jek has carried out instructial material programs through banners on the road with unique and entertaining themes, besides that there is a one-way hotline (auto-voice) owned by PT Go-jek adding complete instructial material tools.

6. Corporate Design

A characteristic that reminds us of Gojek is the form of uniforms worn by the driver, namely green jackets and helmets, besides that the logo of Go-jek in the form of a variant letter can easily be recognized by general public, this is a common feature formed by the company as a strategic step in strengthening the Go-Jek brand image itself.

6. Analysis of Consumer Responses for Each Stage in the Hierarchy Class Model Uses Scoring Techniques

1. Cognitive Stage

Based on the results of the correspondence that has been done, a chart of the Hierarchy Class will be presented at the cognitive stage as follows:

Figure 4. Classification results at the cognitive stage of awareness dimension

Figure 4 shows the results of calculating the frequency of the final consumer responses in the awareness stage using scoring techniques. Detailed pictures show that out of 87 respondents, 38% of respondents were in the good category for the dimension of awareness on cognitive variables, and 61% of respondents were in the sufficient category. While the other 1% are in the poor category. Introduction of the name / brand of Go-Jek through integrated marketing communication (IMC) conducted by Go-Jek (ie: advertising, sales promotion, events and some occasions, public relations and news, events and some occasions, personal sales, word of mouth and direct marketing) has made consumers quite aware of the presence of Go-Jek as a transportation company.

Figure 5. Classification results in the cognitive stage of the Knowledge dimension

Detail picture 5 shows that of 87 respondents, 7% of respondents were in the good category for the Knowledge dimension on cognitive variables, 92% of respondents were in the sufficient category, and 1% of respondents were in not good category. After Respondents were aware of the existence of Go-Jek, Respondents sought more information about the Go-Jek work system. For this reason, Go-Jek must provide knowledge about information related to Go-Jek activities. So that Respondents can use the information according to their needs.

Figure 6. classification results in the cognitive stage of the Liking dimension

Based on Figure 6 shows that of 87 respondents, 24% of respondents were in the good category for the dimensions of liking on cognitive variables, 72% of respondents were in the sufficient category, and 4% of respondents were in not good category. After the Respondents knew the information about the Go-Jek work system, there was an interest in using the Go-Jek service as a fulfillment of their needs.

2. Affective Stage

Based on the results of the correspondence that has been carried out, a chart of Hierarchy Class will be presented on the affective stages as follows:

Figure 7. Classification results at the cognitive stage of the Preference dimension

Based on Figure 7 shows the results of the calculation of the frequency of responses of respondents at the excess stage by using scoring techniques. Detailed drawings show that out of 87 respondents, 6% of respondents were in the good category for the responses of Go-Jek respondents on integrated marketing communication (IMC) in the over-dimension of Affective variables, and 94% of respondents were in the Sufficient category. Respondents may like Go-Jek, but do not prefer Go-Jek as fulfilling needs.

The marketing and sales unit of Go-Jek must be able to build the emotion "preferred" Respondents by promoting better quality, work systems and promotions that are more attractive than competing companies.

Figure 8. Classification results in the cognitive stage of the Conviction dimension

Based on Figure 8 shows the results of the calculation of the frequency of the responses of the end consumers in the confidence stage using scoring techniques. Detailed pictures show that out of 87 respondents, 2% of respondents were in the good category for the responses of Go-Jek respondents on integrated marketing communication (IMC) in conviction in affective variables, 97% were in the sufficient category, and 1% were in the poor category.

Respondents may prefer Gojek, but they do not have one belief in choosing it. The Go-Jek marketing and sales unit must build the Respondents' belief that Go-Jek is the best choice in their fullfillment of transportation needs.

3. Conative Phase

Based on the results of the correspondence that has been done, a chart of the Hierarchy Class will be presented at the following conative stages:

Figure 9. Classification results in the cognitive stage of Purchase dimension

Figure 9 shows the results of calculating the frequency of the final consumer responses in the conative stage using scoring techniques. Detailed pictures show that out of 87 respondents, 36% were in the good category, respondents were in the conative category, 53% were in the sufficient category and 11% were in the poor category.

The ultimate goal of marketing is the occurrence of purchases made by customers, in this case the marketing and sales unit of Go-Jek further enhances value competitiveness compared to other similar companies, this is due to the absence of customers who are purely loyal but this can be overcome by integrity of the members of the company.

7. Linear Regression Analysis

Simple regression is based on the functional or causal relationship of an independent variable with one dependent variable (Sugiyono, 2011) which is stated as follows:

Based on the data obtained the results of linear regression as follows:

Table 1. Linear Regression Test Results

Based on Table 1, obtained multiple regression equations as follows:

Response = 4.733 + 0.674IMC + e The interpretation of the resulting linear regression equation is as follows:

a. The constant value is 4.7333 meaning that without the influence of IMC, the response already exists at 4.7333.

b. The regression coefficient value of IMC is 0.674 meaning that each increase of 1 of IMC, then the response increases by 0.674 units with the assumption that other variables are fixed value or have not changed.

7.1. Partial Test (t test)

The t-test basically shows how far an individual explanatory / independent variable influences the dependent variable variation (Ghozali, 2011). Regression coefficients are used to determine the effect of Integrated marketing communication on consumer responses.

The results of testing the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable are as follows:

7.2. Hypothesis Testing

1) First Hypothesis Testing

Ho: integrated marketing communication does not have a positive effect on consumer responses

Ha: integrated marketing communication does have a positive effect on consumer responses

Based on Table 2 the results of the linear regression test obtained regression coefficient value of 0.674. The variable integrated marketing communication has a t-count value of 13.077 greater than t-table (1.988) with a probability of 0.000 <0.05. These results indicate that integrated marketing communication has an effect on the consumers of Go-Jek Indonesia in Bandung branch.

Table 2. Partial Test

2) Second Hypothesis Testing

Ho: Consumer responses are not in the affective stage, conative after using integrated marketing communication

Ha: Consumer responses are in the affective stage, conative after using integrated marketing communication

The results of testing this hypothesis are based on the Go-Jek consumer's assessment of the integrated marketing communication program using scoring and hierarchy class techniques. The results obtained suggest that consumer responses are at the conative stage, a more detailed explanation will be discussed through the next sub-chapter.

7.3. Determination Coefficient

The coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) is used to measure the inverse of the regression equation which gives the percentage of total variation in the dependent variable which is explained by all independent variables. Adjusted R2 values range between 0 and 1 where the value of adjusted R2 is small or close to 0 means that the ability of independent variables in explaining the variation of the dependent variable is very limited, but if the value of adjusted R2 is large or close to 1 means that the independent variables provide almost all the information needed to predict the variation of the dependent variable (Ghozali, 2011). The determination coefficient test results can be seen in the table as follows:

Table 3. Determination Coefficient Test Results

From the table above the determination coefficient test results can be seen that the correlation coefficient (R) is 0.817 or 81.7%, if this is interpreted, the relationship between the IMC variables and the response has a strong relationship. With the magnitude of the influence between integrated marketing communication variables on responses can be seen in the R Square value in this study obtained by 0.668 or 66.8%. This shows that the response is influenced by Integrated marketing communication by 66.8%, while the remaining 33.2% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study.

7.4. Discussion, Implications and Limitations

1. Discussion and Determination of the Final Consumer Response to the Implementation of the Go-Jek IMC Cognitive, Affective, or Conative Phase Using Scoring Techniques.

In accordance with the formulation of the problem, the purpose of the study, and the descriptive analysis method used to find out how the final consumer response to Go-Jek integrated marketing communication (IMC) is in the cognitive, affective, and conative stages, classification criteria are drawn up referring to the provisions proposed by Sugiyono (2013:135) is as follows:

Search for a Maximum Score:

Maximum Score = Highest Score x Amount of Item x Number of Respondents

Maximum Score = 5 x 58 x 87 = 25,230

Search for a Minimum Score:

Minimum Score = Lowest Score x Number of Item x Number of Respondents

Minimum Score = 1 x 58 x 87 = 5,046

Finding Interval Length:

Class Interval Length = (Maximum Score - Minimum Score): Many Intervals

Class Interval Length = (25,230-5,046)

Classification : 3 variabel

Score range : 25,230 – 5046 = 20,184

Class Length : 20,184 : 3 = 6,728

Based on this guideline, the classification criteria regarding the final consumer response to Go-Jek integrated marketing communication in the cognitive, affective and conative stages can be seen in table 4:

Table 4. Value Consumer responses to Integrated Marketing Communications

Based on the results of calculations for each question item (the details of the question are in the attachment), a total value of 19,346 is obtained. This indicates that respondents' responses to IMC are mostly in the Conative stage. That is, Go-Jek Respondents are aware of the existence of Go-Jek, then look for information about Go-Jek, they also prefer Go-Jek, and they are sure of Go-Jek, in this case Go-Jek is a top priority when respondents need online transportation, besides the presence of other competitors in the same business field does not shake Go-Jek from losing customers. The service and value of Go-Jek's popularity in the field of online transportation makes Go-Jek as the market leader in its class, so things which are service-oriented will be the first reference when customers compare with other brands.

7.5. Implications

1. Theoretical Implications

Theoretical implications in this study are the new picture of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) problems used in the study. The description is the result of the reference of previous research with research that is currently developing. These theoretical implications are developed and used to strengthen the support of previous research and generate new references to be continued by other researchers who will use the same type of research.

2. Practical Implications

The practical implication in this study is the encouragement for Go-Jek as an online transportation company to be able to examine in depth the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) program that is being implemented, both in terms of promotion, personal selling, and other aspects that trigger consumers to be more loyal on the products offered, in addition to the responses of respondents as consumers of Go-Jek can be used as a new reference to increase the selling value of products needed by consumers.

3. Limitations

This study contained several limitations that were not able to be reached when carrying out data analysis and testing, as for the limitations, namely:

1. Methods of data collection using questionnaires, this is very possible that the data obtained is still subjective so it does not reflect the actual conditions.

2. Testing of data carried out in the event that it cannot be transformed as a whole, the lack of data requirements and variables that support the research causes this research to be narrowed and focused on the small number of respondents.

3. The sample in this study is limited to Go-Jek service users who are in Bandung and have used Go-Jek more than once.

7.6. Suggestions

Based on the results of the study, the authors suggest several things regarding the implementation of Go-Jek's Integrated Marketing Communications program:

1. Theoretical Suggestion

For further research, it can improve the limitations of this research and it is hoped that the next researcher can develop other variables that are outside the research that can influence integrated marketing communication, and explore the theories used by researchers in this study.

2. Practical advice.

Based on the existing research, the researcher suggested to Go-Jek as follows:

a. In the cognitive perspective Go-Jek can filter more consumers who want to know the products offered, Go-Jek is currently not evenly distributed to rural areas, so the number of consumers is still limited in certain areas.

b. In the affective perspective, Go-Jek must be able to increase the selling value of the product, so that the customer's sense of interest and confidence in Go-Jek services will increase more sharply.

c. In a conative perspective, Go-Jek already has potential customers who are loyal to their products, but this must be maintained carefully, because it is not impossible that other potential customers owned by Go-Jek will move to competing companies.