1. Introduction

Internet of things (IOT) is a network comprising of electronic devices and sensors connected to exchange information over the internet. In our experiment, the current is extracted from the electronic devices and sent to the ADC, where the converted values are sent to the Raspberry Pi where the power value is calculated and then sent to the database across internet. Before the invention of the smart meter traditional meters were used.

Figure 1. Traditional Energy Meter

But they had problems such as more prone to errors and not being able to detect tampering. IOT is comparatively cost effective than SMS which makes monitoring energy meters at lower cost possible. Month end consumption reports are generated which is monitored via web portal. Registered customers can also make their payment online. The customer initially has to go to the website and register, this is where the customer details gets recorded in the database, with an auto generated registration number which becomes the primary key. He later need only to log into his account and check for payment details. The payment notification can be send either to his email or as an SMS to the customer. Through such a system the users can be aware of their electricity consumption and give a helping hand towards Energy meter. We will be looking into the working of energy meter and its circuit diagram in Section 2 and will follow into the Hardware and Software in Section 3 and 4 respectively, and we finally end with conclusion in Section 5 and Reference in Section 6.

2. System Design

This section deals with overall working and system design of this project. Our main aim is to send the power consumed by the customer directly to the utility without manual reading at the end of the month. The power consumed and its corresponding bill is then mailed to the customer. To simulate home wiring and meter w have used a simple circuit. Information is transmitted by modulating a continuous transmission signal by amplifying signal's strength or varying its frequency to add or take away data. The current flow through this circuit is measured using a current sensor which is analog and converted into digital using an ADC. The current value is obtained and the power is calculated using Raspberry Pi. This value is then sent to the database and stored and the total bill is calculated and email is generated for the respective user. So if a user wants to avail this service he/she should register and the pi is set up for the user and thereafter the working is as mentioned above. The user is also provided with a service of online payment of his bills and given deadlines. Failure of payment will be notified to the admin and he is authorized to take further actions. Admin also has privileges of viewing the new customers and updating the rates/unit consumption of power.

Figure 2. Circuit diagram

3. Hardware

3.1. Raspberry Pi

The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card-sized computer that plugs into your TV and a keyboard. It is a capable little computer which can be used in electronics projects, and for many of the things your desktop PC does, like spreadsheets, word. processing, browsing the internet, and playing games.

3.2. Analog-to -digital Converter

An analog-to-digital converter, or ADC as it is more commonly called, is a device that converts analog signals into digital signals. Analog information is transmitted by modulating a continuous transmission signal by amplifying a signal's strength or varying its frequency to add or take away data.

3.3. Current Sensor

A current sensor is a device that detects electric current (AC or DC) in a wire, and generates a signal proportional to it. The generated signal could be analog voltage or current or even digital output. It can be then utilized to display the measured current in an ammeter or can be stored for further analysis in a data acquisition system or can be utilized for control purpose. In the project we use acs 712.

3.4. Resistor

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.

3.5. Adapter

An adapter or adaptor is a device that converts attributes of one electrical device or system to those of an otherwise incompatible device or system. Some modify power or signal attributes, while others merely adapt the physical form of one electrical connector to another. In the project we use a 5v dc adapter.

4. Software

4.1. Angry ip Scanner

Angry ip scanner is a very fast ip address and port scanner. It runs on Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X, possibly supporting other platforms as well. It can scan IP addresses in any range as well as any their ports. The gathered information may include the following:

1. Whether the host is up (alive, responding) or down (dead, not responding).

2. Average roundtrip time (of IP packets to the destination address and back)

3. Host and domain name (by using a DNS reverse lookup) versions of particular services running on the host open.

4. Filtered TCP and UDP ports.

4.2. VNC Viewer

Also known as virtual network computing. VNC is a graphical desktop sharing system that uses the Remote Frame Buffer protocol (RFB) to remotely control another computer. It transmits the keyboard and mouse events from one computer to another, relaying the graphical screen updates back in the other direction, over a network. VNC is platform independent – there are clients and servers for many GUI-based operating systems and for Java. Multiple clients may connect to a VNC server at the same time. The VNC client (or viewer) is the program that represents the screen data originating from the server, receives updates from it, and presumably controls it by informing the server of collected local input. The VNC protocol (RFB protocol) is very simple, based on one graphic primitive from server to client ("Put a rectangle of pixel data at the specified X,Y position") and event messages from client to server. In the normal method of operation, a viewer connects to a port on the server. The server sends small rectangles of the frame buffer to the client.

5. Experimental Results

The project obtained results can be divided into three parts namely:

1. Hardware Setup

2. Readings from the hardware

3. Web dashboard for user interaction

Figure 3. Hardware setup

Figure 4. Readings from current sensor

Figure 5. Web page for customers

6. Conclusions

The main aim of this project is to reduce the man power involved in power management. It also avoids data loss. However, the initial setup will cost more than the existing mechanism. It provides better power management for the utility office as the values are directly sent from the meter and stored in their database. This data can be used in future to analyze the usage of power and take necessary measures to optimize power consumption. In addition to this, this mechanism can also provide self-analysis of power consumption of a user so can he/she can reduce the usage.