1. Introduction

Rye is one of the most important agricultural plants and increase in germination percent of the rye seed is an important factor in improving the plant (Kafi et al 2005). Although among the plants, rye is one of the best adjusted agricultural categories but amount of production and performance of this plant as other agricultural plants is hardly affected by environmental factors and constantly there is a concern that whether produced rye can be enough for growing population in the world (Satorr and Slafar 2001). Harris et al 2001 reported that priming the seed causes the powerful development, more rye branch fills the rye better; increase the products and length of the branches of the rye. In India the effect of priming in decreasing the development duration caused that farmers can have 3 products in a year[13]. Karaki[15] reported the increase of the wet weight and the length of the shoot and the root of the rye and barley along with priming. Determining a suitable time of priming prevents a negative effect of it. Penalosa and Eira 1993 reported that the suitable time of priming prevents a negative effect of priming on the germination seed of tomato. Seed germination has extra importance in determining the final density of the plant in the square unit so that the enough density of the plant in square unit will be achieved that cultivated seeds erupt completely with enough speed[6]. The advantages of priming the seed is reported so that include increasing the resistance of the plant in the salty areas, Asada 1992, and under dry condition[1], seed cultivation,[7], increasing the performance of the seeds with low naming power,[2], and also increase the products[11].

2. Material and Methods

To study the effect ofdistilled water on germination indices of rye seed this experimentwas studied in terms of full randomized blocks factorial design in Plants Physiology Laboratory, faculty of Agriculture of Saveh Azad University. For this reason, rye's cultivar Secale Montanum was used, namely, first, 50 seeds were separated and disinfected for each Petri dish and in order to disinfect, the seeds were drenched in KNO₃ 1% and 2% for 8hours then they were washed with water. Related seeds were treat in Hydro-priming withdistilled waterfor 4 hours in 20⁰. After this time the seeds were transferred to the sterilized pottery dish in which bottom there was a paper filter. The diagonal of all pottery dishes was 9 cm. Then, 10ml distilled water or KNO₃ solutions in concentration 1% and 2% was addedafter that all of them were transferred to a germinator with 25±1 and duration of day light 16 hours and darkness was 8 hours. Light intensity was 1500 lux. Counting the germinated seeds was done daily in a specific time. In the time of counting, the seeds were considered germinated that the length of their roots was 2mm or more. Counting will be continued till the increase in the number of germinated seed won't be observed and the number of the seed in pottery dish will be fixed. According to the data, in order to calculate the percent and speed of germination, the following equation is used.

Germination Percentage = S/T× 100

Germination Speed = N1/D1+N2/D2+…+Ni/Di

Where s is the number of germinated seeds, T is the total seeds and Ni the number of germinated seed in day Di.

The average of daily germination (MDG) = ∑Cpsgt/T

WhereCpsgtis the percent of the germinated seed during the period and T is the total germination period.In order to achieve the length of the shoot and the root, 1ml ruler was used then the dry plant was measured. All samples were dried in an oven at 70°C for 72 h, and then weighed for dry matter.

3. Results and Discussion

Variance analysis results (table 1) showed that KNO₃ has meaningful effect on germination percent, germination speed, the average of daily germination, dry weight of plant, the length of the shoot and the root, moreover, according to results , distilled water has significant effect on germination percent, germination speed, the average of daily germination, dry weight of plant, the length of the shoot and the root on the one percent probable level (p>0/01). interfering of distilled water with KNO₃ has significant effect on germination percent, germination speed, the average of daily germination, dry weight of plant, the length of the shoot and the root on the one percent probable level (p>0/01). The results of the average of comparison effect of different level of distilled watershowed that increase of the distilled water improve the situation of germination components related to witness. The most germination indicator is related to the distilled water and KNO₃ 2% concentration.

The results of the averages of the KNO₃ (table 1) showed that the increase of KNO₃ improves the situation of germination components related to the witness. KNO₃ doesn’t have much effect on the germination percent and the average of daily germination. The most germination speed, dry weight, length of the shoot and the root is related to KNO₃ 2% treatment.

Table 1. the results of the effect of the variance analysis of seed priming on germination indexes of rye

Table 2. Comparison the average effect of different level of KNO3 on the bioactive indicators of the rye

Studying the effect of distilled water on germination percentage shows that distilled water increases germination percentage improve the situation of germination components related to the witness. The most germination speed, dry weight, length of the shoot and the root is related to 4 hours treatment that this treatment consumes more energy to gain a certain amount of water. The issue can be an explanation for acceleration of germination and reduction of mean germination time which the results are in accordance with the results of Baalbaki and et al[7], Khan and Samiullah[20] and Dowlatabadian and et al[11]. Results from the mean comparisons of different levels of KNO₃ showed that the KNO₃ increase leads to the increase of seed resistance against normal situation and improvement in the status of germination components' growth.

Table 3. Comparing the average interaction of the KNO3withdistilled water on the studied adjectives

The results of comparing the interaction effects of different levels of KNO₃ (table 3) showed that level of KNO₃ 2% with Distilled water has the most germination speed, dry weight of the plant, the length of the shoot and the root. Also the most germination percent and the amount of daily germination related to the lack of KNO₃ existence and distilled water. KNO₃ can act as a new type of plant antioxidants and also are involved in a wide range of biochemical reactions, including the metabolism of glycogen and amino acid synthesis and nucleic and the synthesis and metabolism of hemoglobin, also this material in synthesis is involved, Sphengomilin and other sphene lipids neurotransmitters. 5-phosphate KNO₃ is involved in acid metabolism of gamma - amino butyric. The reason of the increasing the germination in KNO₃ application isfor stimulating the respiratory inhibitor. The similar results were reported[26]. The probably, the reason of increasing the length of the root and the shoot is KNO₃ application because of root and shoot system development by using this material that increase the nutrients attraction of in result increase the performance in agricultural plants. The similar results were reported by Eradatmand Asli and Houshmandfar[13] Khan and et al[20], Pierik[24] and Karaki[19]. Also Chen and Xiong[9] by studying the effect of KNO₃ on plants, confirmed the vital role of KNO₃ on the development of the plants. Based on the research done by Khan and et al[20] and the increasing role of KNO₃ in the amount of root drawing, cause to appear the leaf soon. It changes the ability of photosynthesis and natural attraction rate NAR. Based on the research of treating the seed with KNO₃ will have nitrogen attraction increase and phosphor in Safflower plan, vetch and lentil[17], rye[20] and canola[19] and Dolatabadian and Saleh[11] reported that priming the seed of the sunflower for 3 to 5 days increase the germination speed and improve the plant development. They also declare that the reason of this reaction in respiratory activity is producing ATP, stimulating the activity of RNA and making protein in the primed seeds. Probably the reason of decreasing the germination percent because of eliminatesthe free radicals directly, which reduces the damage caused by reactive species, so membrane lipid per oxidation will be decreased. Similar results on the other materials have been reported by Dolatabadian and et al[11] and Baalbaki et al[7].

4. Conclusions

According to the results in this experiment and the different level of treating the chemical KNO₃ and Distilled water of this matter we can conclude that probably, KNO₃ by increasing the root development and raising the ability of nutrient attraction by the plant represents this possibility in order to use the potential of the water and nutrient in the soil. The results of this research showed that seed treatment with KNO₃ can be as an economic simple way and also be effective on increasing the plant output.