Journal of Health Science

p-ISSN: 2166-5966    e-ISSN: 2166-5990

2021;  11(1): 22-22

doi:10.5923/j.health.20211101.03

 

Clinical Malnutritional Presentation

Dr. Shankar Prasad Bhattacharya

Associate Professor, MJN Coochbehar Medical College, India

Correspondence to: Dr. Shankar Prasad Bhattacharya, Associate Professor, MJN Coochbehar Medical College, India.

Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Scientific & Academic Publishing.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Cite this paper: Dr. Shankar Prasad Bhattacharya, Clinical Malnutritional Presentation, Journal of Health Science, Vol. 11 No. 1, 2021, pp. 22-22. doi: 10.5923/j.health.20211101.03.

Article Outline

History
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Clinical signs and symptoms of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) include the following:
Poor weight gain
Slowing of linear growth
Behavioral changes - Irritability, apathy, decreased social responsiveness, anxiety, and attention deficits
Clinical signs and symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies: Some of the clinical signs and symptoms of specific micronutrient deficiencies may closely resemble those observed in PEM. Deficiencies of micronutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and trace elements have been well described. The most common and clinically significant deficiencies include the following:
Iron - Fatigue, anemia, decreased cognitive function, headache, glossitis, and nail changes
Iodine - Goiter, developmental delay, and mental retardation
Vitamin D - Poor growth, rickets, and hypocalcemia
Vitamin A - Night blindness, xerophthalmia, poor growth, and hair changes
Folate - Glossitis, anemia (megaloblastic), and neural tube defects (in fetuses of women without folate supplementation)
Zinc - Anemia, dwarfism, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperpigmentation and hypogonadism, acrodermatitis enteropathica, diminished immune response, poor wound healing.
Avoiding malnutrition starts from the baby in mother’s womb. A healthy mother likely to give birth to a healthy baby
After birth
Exclusive Breast feeding at least for four months and continue upto 2yrs
Timely complementary feeding from 4 to 6 months
Immunization of children
Feeding during illness
Deworming if necessary.
Proper management of diarhea and Acute respiratory infections
Macro nutrients like cereals pulse oil, sugar, fish eggs in proper quantity.
Packed iodized salt. Green leafy vegetables
Junk food should be avoided
Iron and folic acid supplement if necessary
ORS and zinc during diarrhea.
Growth monitoring and surveillance
Needs to be done.
These steps in brief avert almost all types of malnutrition.
These steps is helpful for both macro nutrients and micronutrent malnutrition
Infection and malnutrition vicious cycle is the chief cause of malnutrition.