1. Introduction

The concept of economic cooperation which will be applied in Situbondo Regency underlies its operational movements through the integration of the agricultural sector, the livestock sub-sector and the fisheries sub-sector. This sectoral integration in the economic cooperation becomes an instrument towards food security in Situbondo district. The approach in its development is rural development based on local resources that synergize sectorally by optimally utilizing opportunities for community resources and institutions to increase production where these components will collaborate for the welfare of the community, especially farmers, breeders and fishery cultivators. This means that in addition to production being managed jointly, products or post-harvest will also be managed together to develop joint economic activities. However, the economic cooperation still has the basis that everything that is enjoyed must be produced by the community's own efforts (the results of which can be exchanged for other forms). Thus, the ultimate goal of economic cooperation is to empower society, enable, and build the ability to advance towards a better life in a sustainable manner.

The concept of food security is the assurance of food availability for all socio-economic levels of society to the individual level according to the amount obtained to be able to move and live healthy. The three pillars of food security contained in this definition are availability, physical and economic accessibility, and stability which must be available and affordable at any time and at any place. The achievement of food security is realized through food soveregnity and food resilience and food safety.

The collaboration of the three sub-sectors is a parameter that determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the process of increasing production, so that factors that threaten food production can be minimized so that by increasing the effectiveness of rural resource management through an economic model of cooperation it can create food security in Situbondo Regency. Responding to these problems, this study aims to formulate the concept of food security that is relevant to the economic model of cooperation carried out by the Situbondo Regency Government.

2. Research Method

The type of data used in this study is primary data. Primary data collection techniques through observation, focus group discussions and questionnaires with data sources from farmers, breeders and fish cultivators. In-depth interviews were also conducted to obtain the level of importance and influence of the parties involved in the concept of food security in Situbondo Regency. Furthermore, the level of importance and influence of the parties will be determined which will be displayed in the interest and influence matrix of the parties in the management of food security in the togetherness economy in Situbondo Regency. The Food Security Office plays a role in coordinating the SKPD-SKPD involved, among others: Department of Food Security; Department of Animal Husbandry, Fisheries and Marine Affairs; and Department of Agriculture, Department of irrigation, Gapoktan, Farmer Groups, Breeder Group, Fish Cultivator Group, Seed Provider and Agricultural Extension Group. They are parties who are directly or indirectly involved in the management of the cooperation economy in Situbondo Regency.

3. Results and Discussion

The concept of food security is a formulation produced through in-depth discussion by parties who are directly or indirectly related to food security in Situbondo Regency. The concept of food security in Situbondo Regency relies on three main sub-sectors to be mobilized and integrated in realizing food stock stability, namely the food crops sub-sector, the livestock sub-sector and the fisheries sub-sector. Optimization of this sub-sector to achieve food security is largely determined by the existence of: (a). Land factor, (b). Water stock for irrigation, (c). Human resources for farmers, (d). Use of technology, (e). Institutional form and (f). Local culture. The explanation of the concept of food security in Situbondo Regency through the economic model of cooperation to maintain the stability of food production can be explained in accordance with the picture below.

Figure 1. The Concept of Food Security in the Economic Cooperation Model for the Stability of Increased Production

The regulation and management of the six resource inputs required by the production economic actors of the three sub-sectors are facilitated by the Economic Cooperation Institute (LEK). The capacity in the form of free assistance to resource input needs is used to increase production which has been a determining factor resulting in high production costs for the three sub-sectors so that it becomes an entry point for third parties, namely private investors or pengijon. The facilities provided by the Economic Cooperation Institute for the three food sub-sectors include:

1. Land. Land management is assisted by seeds by LEK, both for the food crop, fishery and livestock sub-sectors. In addition, a system for making manure is also carried out, which is the waste from the cattle farming business of participants who take part in LEK. In accordance with the concept, LEK is not only a facilitator but also an operator who executes all the needs for the realization of an integrated process between agriculture, fisheries and livestock so as to produce a clean production process.

2. Water. The availability of water needs is also provided evenly and is guaranteed during the production process with the help of the public works office of Situbondo Regency. The Public Works Agency guarantees the availability of water for the three sub-sectors so that production economic actors can reduce production costs so that they are free from the clutches of pengijon who are already eyeing the problems faced by production economic actors through the bondage of loan funds.

3. HR. Increasing the capacity of human resources for farmers, breeders and fish cultivators will also be improved technically through integrated and structured training by LEK. These trainings are expected to increase knowledge for farmers, breeders and fish cultivators to be more creative, innovative and adaptive to the changes that occur so that they can increase production. These trainings are provided to support both on farm and off farm processes so that production stability is realized.

4. Technology. The increase in production in the three sub-sectors that support food security is also driven by the use of appropriate technology facilitated by the LEK institution. It is hoped that the application of appropriate technology or other technology can be applied in the economic process of production so that it can increase crop yields which in the long run can achieve food security in Situbondo Regency.

5. Institutional. The institutions in question currently are local institutions that are part of the production process, namely farmer groups, village consultations and farmer groups. Optimization of this institutional role is also enhanced by providing institutional support and capacity building for its administrators. The role of local institutions is very important in realizing coordination with LEK in its operations that interact with farmers, both as facilitators and as operators towards the goal of realizing food security in Situbondo Regency.

6. Culture. LEK has also developed local cultural aspects with the aim of preserving local wisdom with the annual Situbondo local culture festival.

The carrying capacity of 6 resources in the three sub-sectors in supporting food security, apart from being provided with facilitation by LEK, is also supported by the Situbondo Regency Government with its sectoral development planning. The carrying capacity includes providing incentives for food production which is still distributed in the Situbondo Regency area. Providing fertilizer assistance, technology assistance for packaging processing of meat, and fresh fish. Providing subsidies for the manufacture of animal feed made from agricultural waste. Manufacture of organic based fish feed from local ingredients. The synergy towards optimizing the carrying capacity of 6 resources in the three sub-sectors will facilitate the realization of the stability of food production which in the long term can create food security in Situbondo Regency.

Food security in Indonesian Law No. 17 of 2012 is a shared responsibility between the community and the government. This is also made clear in the economic model of cooperation in Situbondo Regency as a commitment to support food security and sovereignty which aims to increase food production in the agriculture, fishery and livestock sub-sectors. The Economic Cooperation Institute (LEK) has a role as organizer of production, supply, trade, distribution and final consumers who get nutritious and quality food. By building food security through the Institute for Economic Cooperation (LEK), it is hoped that it can increase economic activity, earn income and increase economic access to food that supports diversification efforts. The Government of Situbondo Regency in this case has the task of organizing, controlling and supervising the availability and affordability of food which is sufficient in quantity, quality, safe, nutritious, evenly distributed and affordable to the purchasing power of the people.

All output produced by the subsectors is managed, sorted and packaged through the Institute for Economic Cooperation. The Economic Cooperation Institute will assist farmers and ranchers in the processing, packaging and marketing of the output produced. The food crop sub-sector that produces rice with rice derivative products and rice flour will be processed by the Economic Togetherness Institute and packaged in such a way to make it more attractive to the market. LEK seeks to integrate the four components (humans, livestock, plants, fisheries) required to run a business that can produce a stable increase in the production of the agricultural sub-sector.

Operations to realize increased production for food security in Situbondo District are not sufficiently carried out by a system driven by LEK. However, it must be supported by the performance of other institutions. Synergy between institutions is important to drive LEK operations as an ideal system to ensure food security in Situbondo Regency. The roles and functions of institutions related to the system established and implemented by LEK use deep interview techniques. Respondents were determined purposively (purposive sampling). Respondents are officials in all institutions / institutions that play a role in managing food security in the togetherness economy in Situbondo Regency. In-depth interviews were conducted to obtain the level of importance and influence of these parties. Furthermore, the level of importance and influence is shown in the interest and influence matrix of the parties in the management of food security in the togetherness economy in Situbondo Regency. Further related to the roles and functions of institutions that support food security in Situbondo Regency, as follows:

Table 1. Roles and Functions of Institutions related to Food Security in Situbondo District

The table above shows the main tasks and functions of the institutions related to role sharing in the management of the economic cooperation to achieve food security. The Food Security Service plays a role in coordinating SKPD-SKPD in the division of roles for each SKPD, especially in planning the management of the cooperation economy so that there are no overlapping activities between SKPDs (Department of Food Security; Department of Animal Husbandry, Fisheries and Marine Affairs; and Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Horticulture). In addition to existing institutions in the regions, several related agencies such as the Irrigation Service, Gapoktan, Farmer Groups, Breeder Groups, Fish Cultivator Groups, Seed Providers and Agricultural Extension Groups, also play a role in the management of the economic cooperation.

The role of the parties (Bryson, 2003) is classified with an interest approach related to increasing production for food security in Situbondo Regency. Influence (influence / authority) is a power or strength arising from SKPD / institution so that it affects the implementation of increased production for food security in Situbondo Regency. The parties have different levels of influence and interest in increasing production for food security in Situbondo Regency. The role of the parties according to their level of interest and authority / influence in increasing production for food security in Situbondo Regency is described in the figure below.

Figure 2. The Analysis Matrix of the Food Security Institutional Parties

The results of the placement of the parties in the matrix above are as follows:

1. Key Players.

The parties involved as the Key Player are Bappeda, Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Partners LEK in Situbondo Regency, Environmental Agency. Bappeda is the main key player who has a master plant on the concept of food security and operational design at the Economic Cooperation Institute. These parties must be fully involved in every process and encourage increased production for food security in Situbondo Regency.

2. Context Setters.

The parties involved as Context Setters are the Office of Irrigation and Public Works of Situbondo Regency. This agency is influential in changing policies and in providing subsidies related to the resources needed to increase the production of the three subsectors, especially the availability of water supply. In addition, the Economic Cooperation Institute (LEK) has a strategic function, namely as an initiator, operator in operationalizing the concept of food security in Situbondo Regency.

3. Subjects.

The parties involved as subjects are the main agents or active actors who are directly involved in the process of realizing food security in Situbondo Regency. The parties as the subject function are the Water User Farmer Association (Hippa), Farmer Group, Breeder Group and Fish Cultivator Group. Current conditions show that actors from food security always face problems, especially in water, nurseries and marketing. Therefore, LEK as an institution that functions as an operator in food security must be able to optimize and provide facilitation for the 6 resources needed by these actors.

4. Crowd.

The parties involved as Crowd are the Community Empowerment Agency, the Department of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries and farmers, breeders and fish breeders who have not implemented and participated in the Economic Togetherness Institute program. These institutions are of the view that increasing production as a fundamental process of food security has not become the main goal in their activities. They are still oriented towards short-term interests, namely profit. Therefore, it is necessary for the parties to act as Crowd to be able to support increased food production so that food security will be achieved in Situbondo Regency. Until now, Bappeda has not been maximal in providing assistance regarding related Economic Cooperation Institutions as operators in realizing food security in Situbondo Regency.

4. Conclusions and Recommendations

The parties who have a big interest and influence in the effort to realize the availability, affordability and benefit of food security through the economic model of cooperation in Situbondo Regency, namely: Bappeda, the Agriculture Office, the Animal Husbandry Service and the Public Works Service and cooperatives. The amount of interest and influence in food security at each institution depends on the main tasks and functions assigned to that institution. Coordination between these agencies is urgently needed regarding food security in Situbondo Regency so that there is no overlapping (over lapping) in its activities. For this reason, intensive and open communication is needed to overcome the problems that are the main obstacles to realizing food security in Situbondo Regency.

The recommendation is that the Institution that acts as Key Players needs to be encouraged to play a full role or to increase the level of participation and be involved, starting from planning, implementation to monitoring evaluation in an effort to realize the availability, affordability and benefit of food security through an economic model of cooperation in Situbondo Regency. The main tasks and functions of policy makers in increasing production and price stability through an economic model of cooperation must consider the aspirations of stakeholders to realize the success of food security in Situbondo district.