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[16] | Also see further works inspired by “the Magic Flute” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Works_inspired_by_The_Magic_Flute. |
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[68] | Whilst the local government’s continued to invest in mega infrastructure projects as part of Central Government’s policy direction, this funding was raised by LGFVs which were owned by the local governments but had access to traditional banking (loans, bonds etc.) as well as shadow banking (mainly trust loans) as source of funds. |
[69] | There was moral hazard implicit in this mechanism. Local government finance vehicles took loans based on its own credit worthiness rather than that of the local government who were the ultimate user of the fund. These funds were used to construct “ghost cities”. Thus funds were locked in unused physical assets. This kind of wasteful expenditure which improved GDP numbers attracted international media attention and criticism. Example, a replica of Manhattan was built in the Conch Bay district of Tianjin. |
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[74] | May, 2015 – TPG Capital sold 20.37% stake in Shriram City Union Finance for $387 million. September, 2015 – Apax Partners LLP sold its stake in Cholamandalam Investment & Finance Co. at a reported IRR of 50% 2009 – Chrys Capital made a successful exit on its investment in Shriram Transport Finance Co. Ltd. (Entry and exit value reported were Rs.120 crore and Rs.1,400 crore respectively). |
[75] | Article in Livemint,” PE funds face tough challenge from NBFCs in realty sector”, dated March 31, 2017. https://0x9.me/i8lJR. |
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