Dorrah Azis, Agus Sutrisno, Desfan Hafifullah, Subian Saidi
Department of Mathematics, University of Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
Correspondence to: Agus Sutrisno, Department of Mathematics, University of Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia.
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Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Scientific & Academic Publishing.
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Abstract
Generally, the order of integral and derivative are connected with the real numbers, such as the first, second, third and more order of integral and derivative. This study aims to develop a theory of an integral or derivative which has order in a 5th order function and exponential function by using Riemann and Liouville method. The result of this study showed that the fractional derivative of order
in the 5th Order Function using Riemann-Liouville Method is the same as the form of a third derivative, which means that the value of this derivative will be the same as the result of three times the fractional integral or vice versa. In addition the fractional derivative of the exponential function using the Riemann-Liouville Method is equal to in the form of multiplication of the incomplete gamma function upper limit with exponential function.
Keywords:
Fractional Integral, Fractional Derivative, 5th Order Function, Exponential Function, Riemann-Liouville Method
Cite this paper: Dorrah Azis, Agus Sutrisno, Desfan Hafifullah, Subian Saidi, The Use of Fractional Integral and Fractional Derivative α=5/2 in the 5th Order Function and Exponential Function Using the Riemann-Liouville Method, Applied Mathematics, Vol. 11 No. 2, 2021, pp. 23-27. doi: 10.5923/j.am.20211102.03.
1. Introduction
Calculus is a branch of mathematics that studies the concept of calculating limits, changes in functions, derivatives, integrals and infinite series. In calculus, a function can undergo integrals and derivatives either once, twice, and so on with natural number orders. Then a question arises related to the order of fractions, for example, how are the integral and intermediate derivatives of the function, so that a material development is born, namely fractional calculus. Fractional calculus appeared almost simultaneously with classical calculus set. This is because in theory the fractional calculus is the basis for the expansion of the gamma and beta functions. On September 30, 1695, fractional calculus was first introduced in the writings of Leibniz who at that time sent a letter to L'hopital about how a derivative of a function that has a fraction order [DS]. The fractional calculus provides the answer to the question whether the operation of derivatives of integers of order
and
is not an integer? Many mathematicians participated in his contributions such as Abel, Riemann, Liouville, Euler, Laplace, Lacroix, Fourier. In 1819, Lacroix became the first mathematician to write a paper on the definition of fractional derivatives, he started from the function
where
is a positive integer.The functions used in fractional derivatives are factorial functions using the gamma and beta function approaches, expressed in the Legendre symbol
Not only for power functions, fractional calculus can also be developed in other functions such as trigonometry, Laplace, exponential, and exponential algebra with various working methods. The working method in fractional calculus has versions including Riemann-Liouville, Grundwald-Letnikov, M. Caputo (1967), Oldham and Spanier (1974), K.S. Miller and B. Ross (1993), Kolwankar and Gangal (1993). The method that is often used in fractional calculus is the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo method. Based on the above background and problems, the author will examine more deeply about fractional integrals and fractional derivatives using the Riemann-Liouville method with the order
on the 5th power and exponential function.
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Polynomial Methods
According to [CS], polynomial functions are functions that have many terms in the independent variable. The form of the polynomial function equation is as follows: | (1) |
2.2. Exponential Functions
According to [JM], exponential function is a function with the independent variable being the power of a constant, inverse
is an exponential function and is represented by
with the following definition: | (2) |
with inverse | (3) |
2.3. Fractional Integral
Definition 2.3According to [HR], based on its work, the fractional integral has various methods, such as Riemann, Liouville, Riemann-Liouville, Caputo and others. Fractional integrals are defined as follows: | (4) |
if
in Equation (4), then the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral is obtained which is defined as: | (5) |
According to [BN], for
and
fractional integral has the following properties: | (6) |
 | (7) |
 | (8) |
2.4. Fractional Derivative
Definition 2.4According to [KM], the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative is defined as: | (9) |
or | (10) |
with
of any order,
and
operator of the fractional derivative of order
. The properties of the fractional derivative by [JG] is: | (11) |
 | (12) |
The method used in this research is carried out by primary literature studies, namely developing theories that have been worked on by previous researchers, literature study, namely studying text books in the Mathematics Department library and the University of Lampung library, journals and internet access that support the research process.The procedure in the Riemann-Liouville method is:1. The form of the equation for the powers of five and the exponential.2. Choose
for the respective order integrals and derivatives.3. Formulate fractional integrals and fractional derivatives in the quadrangle and exponential equation.4. Perform operations for each term in the equation.5. After obtaining the results of the integral and its derivatives substitute it to the initial equation form.6. Replace the value in each of the equation variables with the number one (option).
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. General Fractional IntegralForm of 5th Order Function α Order
Fractional integral order
from the polynomial function according to Riemann-Liouville can be stated as the multiplication form of gamma function and polynomial function. The general fractional integral form
order with the polynomial function
for
and
is:
For example:
then
when
So, the general form of fractional integral
order from the polynomial function
is:
So that the fractional integral with
order from the polynomial function which form is
can be stated as a multiplication of gamma function and polynomial function which is stated in the Theorem 3.1.Theorem 3.1Fractional integral with
order from the polynomial function form of
is | (13) |
for
and 
3.2. General Fractional Integral Form of Exponential Function α Order
Fractional integral
orderfrom the exponential function according to Riemann-Liouville can be stated as a multiplication of gamma function and polynomial function. The general form of fractional integral
order with the exponential function
as follows:
For example:
then
when
then the general form of fractional integral
order with
is
So that the fractional integral
orderfrom the exponential function which form is
can be stated as a multiplication form of an incomplete gamma function with the exponential function which can be stated in the theorem 3.2.Theorem 3.2Fractional integral
orderfrom the exponential function form
is | (14) |
for
and
Fractional derivative function can be define using the definition of function integration, assuming
with
and
is the smallest integer which is bigger than
so that the derivative function with
can be stated as: | (15) |
with
is any order,
and
Therefore, will be analyzed the general form of fractional derivative 5th order function and exponentialfunctionwith
order.
3.3. General Fractional Derivative Form of 5th Order Function α Order
Assume that to find the fractional derivative
order with
Based on equation (15) and Theorem 3.1, assumed that
with
and
is the smallest integer larger than
it means that
is the multiple order from that derivative. So that the definition will be:
Choose
and
then
By substituting equation (13) we get | (16) |
In equation (16), can be seen that the general form of fractional derivative is eligible for
or this can be meant that the derivative is defined for the first one that matches with the boundary of the
order. This is also applies for the other
, if we choose
then the boundary of the fractional derivative will be changed to
which means that the value of this derivative will be the same with the result of the fractional integral two times or vice versa. So that the fractional integral with
order from the polynomial function which form is
can be made by choosing
so that
then
By substituting equation (13) we get | (17) |
So that the fractional derivative
order can be defined as the third form of derivative which means that the value of this derivative will be the same with the fractional integer three times or vice versa, then the fractional derivative can be stated as the form of multiplication of gamma function and polynomial function which is explained in the theorem 3.3.Theorem 3.3Fractional derivative
order from the polynomial function form of
is | (18) |
for
and 
3.4. General Fractional Derivative Form of Exponential Function α Order
Based on Theorem 3.2, the fractional derivative of order
with
of the exponential function of the form
is
by substituting equation (14), we obtained
based on the specific value equation for the incomplete derivative of the gamma function i.e.
then
So that the fractional derivative of order
can be interpreted as containing in the form of a third derivative, which means that the value of this derivative will be the same as the result of three times the fractional integral or vice versa, then the fractional derivative of the exponential function can be expressed in the form of multiplication of the incomplete gamma function upper limit with exponential function described in the following theorem:Theorem 3.4Fractional derivative
order from the exponential function form of
is | (19) |
for
and 
3.5. Integral Fractional of 5th Order Function and Exponential
Order
Looking for the derivative of the function
which is a 5th order function with
order as follows:
for example:
then
in the same way, the fractional integral of each term is obtained by
Choose
then we get
Next, looking for the fractional integral with the order
from the exponential function
as follows:
Choose any
for obtain
3.6. Derivative Fractional 5th Order Function and Exponential
Order
Looking for the derivative of the function
which is a 5th order function with
orde
as follows:
for example:
and
then
In the same way, you get the fractional derivative of each term
Choose
then
Next, looking for the fractional derivative with the order
from the exponential function
as follows:
Thus
Choose any
we get
4. Conclusions
We can conclude that the fractional derivative of order
in the 5th Order Function using Riemann-Liouville Method is the same as the form of a third derivative, which means that the value of this derivative will be the same as the result of three times the fractional integral or vice versa. In addition the fractional derivative of the exponential function using the Riemann-Liouville Method is equal to in the form of multiplication of the incomplete gamma function upper limit with exponential function.
References
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