Sameena Saba
Karamat Husain Muslim Girls P.G. College Lucknow
Correspondence to: Sameena Saba , Karamat Husain Muslim Girls P.G. College Lucknow.
Email: | ![](email/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02.gif) |
Copyright © 2012 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
A generalization of sixth order and third order mock theta functions is given and shown that these generalized functions belong to the class of
-functions. Multibasic expansion and q-integral representation of these generalized functions is also given.
Keywords:
Basic Hypergeometric Series, Mock Theta Functions, q-Integral, Multibasic Expansions
Cite this paper:
Sameena Saba , "A Study of a Generalization of Ramanujan’s Third Order and Sixth Order Mock Theta Functions", Applied Mathematics, Vol. 2 No. 5, 2012, pp. 157-165. doi: 10.5923/j.am.20120205.02.
1. Introduction
S. Ramanujan in his last letter to G.H. Hardy[9, pp 354-355] introduced seventeen functions whom he called mock theta functions, as they were not theta functions. He stated two conditions for a function to be a mock theta function:(0) For every root of unity
there is a θ-function
such that the difference
is bounded as
radially.(1) There is no single θ-function which works for all
i.e., for every θ-function
there is some root of unity
for which difference
is unbounded as
radially.Of the seventeen mock theta functions, four were of third order, ten of fifth order in two groups with five functions in each group and three of seventh order. Ramanujan did not specify what he meant by the order of a mock theta function. Later Watson[15] added three more third order mock theta functions, making the four third order mock theta functions to seven.G.E. Andrews[1] while visiting Trinity College Cambridge University discovered some notebooks of Ramanujan, and called it the “Lost” Notebook. In the Notebook Andrews found seven more mock theta functions and some identities and Andrews and Hickerson[2] called them of sixth order. The sixth order mock theta functions of Ramanujan are ![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_011.gif)
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification.33D15Key words and phrases. Basic Hypergeometric series, mock theta functions, q-integral, multibasic expansions.
The third order mock theta functions of Ramanujan are ![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_014.gif)
We give a generalization of the sixth order and the third order mock theta functions. The generalized sixth order mock theta functions are![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_016.gif)
![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_017.gif) | (1.1) |
![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_018.gif) | (1.2) |
![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_019.gif) | (1.3) |
![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_020.gif) | (1.4) |
![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_021.gif) | (1.5) |
![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_022.gif) | (1.6) |
![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_023.gif) | (1.7) |
For
we have the generalized functions of Choi[4]. For
and using induction, these functions satisfy the Ramanujan’s requirement for a mock theta function.The generalized third order mock theta functions are![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_026.gif) | (1.8) |
![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_027.gif) | (1.9) |
![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_028.gif) | (1.10) |
![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_029.gif) | (1.11) |
![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_030.gif) | (1.12) |
![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_031.gif) | (1.13) |
and![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_032.gif) | (1.14) |
where
For
and
we have generalized five third order mock theta functions namely
of Andrews[1]. For
and
the generalized functions
and
reduce to the third order mock theta functions of Ramanujan and
and ρ to the third order mock theta functions of Watson[15].In this study we will show that these generalized functions are
-functions. This is done in section 3.Using the difference equation we derive relations between generalized sixth order mock theta functions and relation between generalized third order mock theta functions. This we do in section 4. In section 5 we give a q-integral representation and in section 6, we give multibasic expansion for these generalized functions.
2. Notations
We shall use the following usual basic hypergeometric notations:![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_043.gif)
3. The Generalized Functions are
-Functions
We show these generalized functions are
- functions.Theorem 1The generalized functions ![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_046.gif)
and the generalized functions ![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_048.gif)
are
functions.ProofsWe shall give the proof for
only. The proofs for the other functions are similar, hence omitted.Applying the difference operator
to
we have
So
Hence
is a
- function.As stated earlier the proofs for other functions are similar, so omitted.
4. Relations between the Generalized Functions of Sixth Order Mock Theta Functions and Relations between Generalized Functions of Third Order Mock Theta Functions
Theorem 2
Proof of (i)which proves Theorem 2 (i).Proof of (ii)
which proves Theorem 2 (ii).Proof of (iii)Writing
for α in
, we have
which proves Theorem 2 (iii).Proof of (iv)Writing
for α and then
for α in
in (1.8), we have
which proves Theorem 2 (iv).
5. q-Integral Representation for the Generalized Functions of Sixth and Third Order Mock Theta Functions
The q-integral was defined by Thomae and Jackson[7, p. 19] as
We now give the q-integral representation for the generalized sixth order mock theta functions and also for generalized third order mock theta functions. Theorem 3(a)
ProofWe shall give the detailed proof for
The proofs for the other functions are similar, so omitted.Limiting case of q-beta integral[7, p. 19 (1.11.7)] is![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_070.gif) | (5.1) |
Now
Replacing t by
and
by a, we have![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_074.gif) | (5.2) |
But
and since
,
Hence![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_078.gif) | (5.3) |
by using (5.3), (5.2) can be written as
which proves (i). The proofs for all other functions are similar.Theorem 3(b)The q-integral representation for the generalized third order mock theta functions:
ProofThe proofs are similar to given above for
, so the Theorem 3(b) follows.
6. Multibasic Expansions of Generalized Functions of Sixth and Third Order Mock Theta Functions
Using the summation formula[7, (3.6.7), p. 71] and[8, Lemma 10, p. 57], we have the multibasic expansion![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_082.gif) | (6.1) |
Corollary 1Letting
and
in (6.1) we have![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_085.gif) | (6.2) |
Corollary 2Letting
and
in (6.1) we have ![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_088.gif) | (6.3) |
Corollary 3Letting
and
in (6.1) we have![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_091.gif) | (6.4) |
In the following Theorem we now give multibasic expansions for generalized functions of sixth order mock theta functions and third order mock theta functions. We give detailed proof for
and for other functions we write only the specialized parameters.Theorem 4(a)The expansions for generalized functions of sixth order mock theta functions.
Proof of (i)
in (6.3) to get![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_095.gif)
The right hand side of (6.5) is equal to
The left hand side of (6.5) is equal to
which proves Theorem 4(a)(i).Proof of (ii)
Proof of (iii)
Proof of (iv)
Proof of (v)
Theorem 4(b)The expansions for generalized functions of mock theta functions of third order.![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_103.gif)
Proof of (i)
Proof of (ii)
Proof of (iii)
Proof of (iv)
Proof of (v)
Proof of (vi)
Proof of (vii)![](image/10.5923.j.am.20120205.02_111.gif)
7. Conclusions
Mock theta functions are mysterious functions. These investigations will be helpful in understanding more about these functions. Being shown that they belong to the class of
-functions more properties can be established and relations between these mock theta functions can also be derived.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am thankful to Dr. Bhaskar Srivastava for his help and guidance.
References
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