American Journal of Operational Research

p-ISSN: 2324-6537    e-ISSN: 2324-6545

2016;  6(2): 33-39

doi:10.5923/j.ajor.20160602.01

 

Use of Correlation Coefficient and Quartiles of Auxiliary Variable for Improved Estimation of Population Variance

Subhash Kumar Yadav1, S. S. Mishra1, Alok Kumar Shukla2

1Department of Mathematics and Statistics (A Centre of Excellence), Dr. RML Avadh University, Faizabad, U.P., India

2Department of Statistics, D.A.V College, Kanpur, U.P., India

Correspondence to: S. S. Mishra, Department of Mathematics and Statistics (A Centre of Excellence), Dr. RML Avadh University, Faizabad, U.P., India.

Email:

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This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).
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Abstract

The present paper deals with the estimation of population variance using correlation coefficient and quartiles of an auxiliary variable under simple random sampling scheme. Up to the first order of the approximation, the bias and the mean square error of the proposed estimator have been obtained. The optimum value of the characterizing scalar kappa has been obtained and for this optimum value of kappa, the minimum mean square error of the proposed estimator has also been obtained up to the first order of approximation. A comparison of the proposed estimator has been made with existing estimators of population variance under simple random sampling scheme. An empirical study is also carried out to justify the theoretical findings. An improvement over existing estimators has been shown in the sense of having lesser mean square error.

Keywords: Ratio estimator, Quartiles, Bias, Mean squared error, Efficiency

Cite this paper: Subhash Kumar Yadav, S. S. Mishra, Alok Kumar Shukla, Use of Correlation Coefficient and Quartiles of Auxiliary Variable for Improved Estimation of Population Variance, American Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 6 No. 2, 2016, pp. 33-39. doi: 10.5923/j.ajor.20160602.01.

1. Introduction

In survey sampling, auxiliary information is used for enhancing the efficiency of the estimate of the parameters of the population for the characteristic under study. Auxiliary information is supplied by the auxiliary variable which is highly positively or negatively correlated with the main variable under study. Ratio type estimators are used when the variables x and y are positively correlated and the line of regression of y on x passes through origin, while the product type estimators are used when x and y are negatively correlated to each other otherwise regression estimators are used. In the present study, we are dealing with only the positive correlation.
Let be the n pair of observations for the auxiliary and study variables, respectively from the population of size N using simple random sampling without replacement. Let and be the population means of auxiliary and study variables respectively and and be the respective sample means.
Following are the notations which have been used in this manuscript and are already being discussed by Subramani and Kumarpandiyan (2015) as:
Size of the population
Size of the sample
Study variable
Auxiliary variable
Correlation coefficient between and
Population means
Sample means
Population variances
Sample variances
Coefficient of variations
Skewness of the auxiliary variable
Kurtosis of the auxiliary variable
First quartile of the auxiliary variable
Third quartile of the auxiliary variable
Inter quartile range of the auxiliary variable
Semi quartile range of the auxiliary variable
Semi quartile average of the auxiliary variable
Bias of the estimator
Variance of the estimator
Mean squared error of the estimator
Percentage relative efficiency of the estimator over
The appropriate estimator of the population variance is the sample variance defined as
(1.1)
which is an unbiased estimator of the population variance and its variance up to the first order of approximation is given as
(1.2)
where and
Isaki (1983) utilizing the auxiliary information, proposed the following classical ratio estimator for the population variance as
(1.3)
where
,
The expressions for the Bias and Mean Square Error (MSE) of the estimator in (1.3) up to the first order of approximation respectively are as
(1.4)
(1.5)
(Vide Kendall and Stuart (1977))
In the series of improvement, many authors have proposed different estimators of population variance utilizing the parameters of the auxiliary variable. Following table-1 which was also given by Subramani and Kumarpandiyan (2012) represents different estimators along with their bias, mean square error and constant.
Table 1. Bias, MSE and Constants of different estimators
Where symbols have their usual meanings. is the coefficient of variation of auxiliary variable, is the coefficient of kurtosis, are the quartiles of the auxiliary variable. and are the functions of quartiles defined by,
Thus, in general the mean square errors of the estimators given in above table may be written as,
(1.6)
The latest references in the series of improvement can be made of Shukla et al. (2015) and Yadav et al. (2015a, 2015b, 2016).

2. Proposed Estimator

Motivated by Prasad (1989) and Khan and Shabbir (2013), we propose an efficient ratio estimator of population variance as
(2.1)
where is a suitable constant to be determined such that the mean square error of is minimum.
In order to study the large sample properties of the proposed estimator, we define and with for
In case of simple random sampling without replacement, ignoring finite population correction term, the following expectations could be obtained either directly or by the method due to Kendall and Stuart (1977) as
Expressing in terms of we have
After simplifying and retaining terms up to the first order of approximation, we have:
Subtracting on both the sides, we obtain,
(2.2)
Taking expectation on both sides of (2.2), we have the bias of proposed estimator as:
(2.3)
where
The mean squared error of the proposed estimator is obtained by squaring both sides of (2.2), simplifying and taking expectation on both sides, up to the first order of approximation as,
(2.4)
is minimum for,
(2.5)
where,
and
The minimum MSE of the estimator for this optimum value of is:
(2.6)
Here, we pass an important remark that the value of the unknown parameters involved in and can be obtained from the previous surveys or the experience gathered in due course of time, for instance, vide Murthy (1967), Reddy (1973, 1974), Srivenkataramana & Tracy (1980), Singh & Vishwakarma (2008), Singh & Kumar (2008) and Singh & Karpe (2010). If the unknown parameters in and are replaced by their estimates, then we obtain the same minimum mean squared error as in (2.6).

3. Efficiency Comparison

From (2.6) and (1.2), we have:
(3.1)
From (2.6) and (1.5), we have:
(3.2)
From (2.5) and (1.6), we have:
(3.3)

4. Numerical Illustration

To justify the theoretical findings of different estimators, we have considered the following real populations.
Population-1: Italian bureau for the environment protection-APAT Waste 2004
Y: Total amount (tons) of recyclable-waste collection in Italy in 2003.
X: Total amount (tons) of recyclable-waste collection in Italy in 2002.
Population-2: Italian bureau for the environment protection-APAT Waste 2004
Y: Total amount (tons) of recyclable-waste collection in Italy in 2003.
X: Number of inhabitants in 2003.
Population-3: Murthy (1967)
Y: Output for 80 factories in a region.
X: Fixed capital.
Population-4: Singh and Chaudhary (1986)

5. Observation and Conclusions

Table-1 shows the Bias, MSE and Constants for previously existing estimators given by different researchers. Proposed estimator which has been subjected to comparisons with previous estimators nothing but is a ratio estimator. In this paper, we have been able to develop more efficient estimator whose bias is significantly far much less as compared to previous estimators as evidently presented in table-2. Similarly, MSE is also far much less as compared to previous estimators given in the table-2. Moreover, table-3 shows that relative efficiency is comparatively much higher. Thus, we can finally conclude with passing remarks that from theoretical discussions in section-3 and the results in table-2 and 3, we infer that the proposed estimator is much better than the previously existing estimators of population mean in simple random sampling scheme, therefore proposed estimator should be preferred for the estimation of population variance.
Table 2. Bias and Mean square error of different estimators
Table 3. Percentage Relative Efficiency (PRE) of different estimators with respect to
     
     

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are very much thankful to the editor of American Journal of Operational Research and the anonymous referees for critically examining the manuscript and giving the valuable suggestions to improve the manuscript in present form.

References

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