1. Introduction

Periodontal disease affects 98% of the world's adult population. Tooth mobility and loss due to periodontal disease inevitably lead to dental and jaw pathology, and given the interconnectedness of the periodontium with the body as a whole, can lead to dysfunction of organs and systems and complicate the course of other diseases [1,2,3,7,8,9,10].

Occupational hazards play a major role in the development of periodontal diseases in workers in hazardous industries associated with the inhalation of toxic substances, vapors, exposure to industrial noise, vibration, people in extreme professions, this category also includes military personnel of fighter, military transport and helicopter aviation [3].

Multifactorial stress exposure during the performance of professional tasks by military flight personnel and civil aviation pilots leads to the activation of lipid peroxidation, disruption of antioxidant defenses, and the development of maladaptive processes both in the body as a whole and in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity [4]. Individual oral hygiene (IOH) and professional oral hygiene (POH) are rightly considered the basis of both therapeutic and preventive procedures for inflammatory periodontal diseases, which are difficult to treat when the process becomes chronic. Long-term remission and stabilization of its course can only be achieved by introducing modern methods of dental prevention [4,11,12].

The effectiveness of additional liquid oral hygiene products, specifically antiseptic mouthwashes, has been scientifically proven and confirmed by numerous clinical studies. Regular use of such products, combined with mechanical cleaning of tooth surfaces, controls bacterial adhesion to the tooth surface and the maturation of dental plaque (biofilm) [1,3].

Modern research shows that patients who neglect regular and thorough oral hygiene are at risk of developing various dental diseases. Moreover, the majority of these patients do not use additional oral hygiene products, which can be attributed to low hygiene literacy, lack of motivation, and inadequate dental education. Using toothpastes in combination with additional liquid products leads to the greatest effectiveness of oral hygiene procedures. Given the anatomical features of the oral cavity, using only a toothbrush and toothpaste is insufficient [2,5,13,14].

The literature describes the effectiveness of combining toothpastes and liquid oral hygiene products. Mechanical plaque removal works well with mouth rinses and is an affordable method for improving periodontal tissue health, even with removable orthodontic appliances [1,5,15,16].

2. Materials and Methods

Liquid oral hygiene products encompass all liquid forms currently used in dentistry for oral hygiene and the prevention of major dental diseases. The most common liquid oral hygiene products contain herbal and plant extracts, antiseptics, and medications for the prevention of caries or dental hypersensitivity. Liquid oral hygiene products are available as elixirs, rinses, foams, and mouth fresheners. The composition of liquid oral hygiene products varies depending on their intended purpose and method of use [1,4].

Commercially produced oral hygiene supplements include elixirs and rinses. Of these, rinses are the most common and convenient, as they are ready-to-use and require no dilution. Rinses contain moisturizing and foaming agents, antimicrobial agents, flavoring and prophylactic additives, surfactants, enzymes, vitamins, and water [3].

The various active ingredients in rinses provide both preventive and therapeutic effects, exerting anticaries and/or anti-inflammatory effects and reducing dental sensitivity. Their fluidity prevents plaque buildup in hard-to-reach areas of the mouth. Modern oral rinses improve oral hygiene by optimizing cleaning of tooth surfaces, preventing plaque formation, and deodorizing oral breath, as they contain bioactive substances with preventive and therapeutic effects [4].

The antiseptics they contain exhibit antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth and proliferation of pathogenic microflora. Thus, it can be said that modern mouthwashes are oral hygiene products containing a variety of biologically active components, and their use as part of a comprehensive therapeutic and preventive program significantly improves the effectiveness of oral hygiene. Their widespread use is explained by their increased availability and ease of use, as they require no dilution [1,5].

An important property of mouthwashes is their ability to combat microbial biofilm. Active ingredients in therapeutic and prophylactic oral hygiene products disrupt microbial metabolism, inhibit the development of periodontal pathogens, and reduce their quantitative and qualitative composition. Ideally, active ingredients should act selectively on microorganisms, suppressing the activity of pathogenic microflora, without affecting saprophytic microorganisms. Therefore, prolonged use of oral hygiene products containing strong antiseptics is undesirable, as this can lead to dysbiosis. Pathogenic rather than saprophytic microflora begins to predominate, and oral health deteriorates [3].

3. Result and Discussion

Aspen bark extract has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, and cleansing effect, as well as a positive influence on metabolic, trophic, and reparative processes in periodontal tissues, as well as an antiseptic and astringent effect, as confirmed in experimental studies. Biologically active components increase the activity of various enzymatic systems involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, which manifests itself in an antioxidant effect and the normalization of platelet aggregation.

Regular and properly performed individual oral hygiene is the most accessible and consistently effective preventative measure, but effective and high-quality individual prevention is only possible with high patient motivation [5]. An important condition and integral part of preventive measures for major dental diseases is a personal oral hygiene regimen selected by a dentist, including modern products and techniques, as well as regularly conducted, supervised professional hygiene [6].

The wide range of mouthwashes necessitates a detailed evaluation of their cleansing and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the development of an algorithm for their use in patients suffering from inflammatory periodontal diseases. Thus, the increasing number of complex treatment regimens does not diminish the relevance of preventing inflammatory periodontal diseases. Oral hygiene procedures, such as mechanical tooth cleaning and rinsing with liquid products, remove and prevent the formation of bacterial biofilm, the main cause of inflammatory processes in the periodontium [3].

4. Conclusions

It should be noted that the constant use of personal hygiene products containing antibacterial and potent antiseptics increases the risk of developing oral dysbiosis and deteriorating dental health [5]. Furthermore, long-term use of antiseptic oral hygiene products leads to dysbiosis and disruption of local oral immunity [8]. The safety of oral hygiene products is currently becoming increasingly important [3]. Therefore, the use of herbal remedies for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis remains a priority, as they produce positive results without adverse effects. This has been confirmed by clinical and immunological studies.