American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences

p-ISSN: 2165-901X    e-ISSN: 2165-9036

2024;  14(10): 2494-2496

doi:10.5923/j.ajmms.20241410.09

Received: Sep. 28, 2024; Accepted: Oct. 10, 2024; Published: Oct. 15, 2024

 

The Results of Anamnestic Data of Children Born Prematurely with Extremely Low, Very Low and Low Body Weight

N. N. Ergasheva, G. I. Yuldsheva

Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Scientific & Academic Publishing.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Abstract

A detailed study of obstetric anamnesis was carried out, risk factors for prematurity of newborns, the neurological status of these patients were described, and clinical and instrumental characteristics of newborns with low body weight were given. According to the study, an important factor influencing the condition of the child at birth and further postnatal events should be considered the course of labor, the method of delivery. The most common complications of pregnancy in the mothers of the main group were the threat of termination of pregnancy, chronic fetoplacental insufficiency, early toxicosis, gestosis, lack of water and polyhydramnios.

Keywords: Prematurity, Extremely low body weight, Very low body weight, Gestational age, Preterm birth

Cite this paper: N. N. Ergasheva, G. I. Yuldsheva, The Results of Anamnestic Data of Children Born Prematurely with Extremely Low, Very Low and Low Body Weight, American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Vol. 14 No. 10, 2024, pp. 2494-2496. doi: 10.5923/j.ajmms.20241410.09.

Article Outline

1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods of Research
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions

1. Introduction

Low birth weight in children at an early age is combined with increased morbidity and functional disorders, 10-20% of children with very low and extremely low birth weight subsequently become disabled, intrauterine development delay is also a prognostically unfavorable factor. The incidence of adverse outcomes among surviving children born weighing up to 1000 g reaches 40-50%, rising to 70-90% at birth of children weighing 500-750 g. Prematurely born children form a risk group for the occurrence of behavioral disorders (disorders of activity and attention, neuropathies, emotional abnormalities, disorders of psychological development) [2].
Purpose of the study. The aim of the work was to study the anamnestic data on the birth of premature babies and risk factors manifested during the neonatal period of premature babies born with ELBW, VLBW and LBW.

2. Materials and Methods of Research

To achieve this goal, mothers of 90 children (main group) born prematurely were examined which all mothers were treated in the neonatal pathology department of the 1st City Clinical Children's Hospital, in the City Perinatal Center, in clinic “Family medical house” in 2019-2023. The control group included mothers of 30 examined children of the same age.

3. Results and Discussion

In our study, a burdened obstetric and gynecological history was observed in n=15 (16.6%) mothers whose children were born with ELBW, in n=30 (33.3%) - with VLBW, and in n=45 (50%) - with LBW. The age of the mothers of the examined children at the time of delivery ranged from 17 to 47 years, on average, 29.9 ± 7.5 years (no significant differences between the main group and the control group, p>0.05). At the same time, in the 1st group (children with ELBW), the average age of mothers at the time of birth was 30.1 ± 8.4 years, in the 2nd (children with VLBW) - 28.9 ± 7.7 years and in 3- th (children with LBW) - 26±6.0 years. In the control group, the average age of mothers at the time of delivery was 28.4 ± 6.1 years, while there was only one (3.3%) woman in the age group of 35-44 years and there were no women 45 years and older. The proportion of women in labor aged 35-44 years was 20.0% in the 1st group, 13.3% in the 2nd, 8.9% in the 3rd, and 6.7% - of those at 45 years and older respectively, there were none in the LBW and control groups. Indicators for the serial number of this pregnancy and childbirth in mothers of children born prematurely and in the control group are given in Table 1. The percentage of children born from the 1st pregnancy in the control group was 13.3%. In the group with ELBW it was 40.0%, with VLBW - 33.3%, with LBW - 44.4%. The proportion of 2nd and 3rd pregnancies in a row were quite close in mothers of all groups. Compared with the control group (67.7%), there was a trend towards a higher incidence of the 4th and higher serial number of pregnancy: in the 1st group - 20.0%, in the 2nd - 20.0%, in 3rd - 15.6%, control - 10%.
Table 1. Age of mothers during pregnancy, serial number of real pregnancy in mothers of children born with ELBW, VLBW, LBW and in the control group
     
At the age of 35 and older, there were no primiparous mothers in the control group, while in the groups with ELBW 1 episode (6.7%), with VBW - 2 (6.7%), and with LBW - 5 (11.1%), and at the age of 45 years and older, only in the group with LBW- 1 (2.2%) (Table 2).
Table 2. Obstetric anamnesis of mothers of children born with ELBW, VLBW, LBW, and control groups
     
A burdened obstetric and gynecological history in the main group was observed in 90 cases, of which in the group with ELBW — in 16.6% (n=15) of mothers, with VLBW — in 33.3% (n=30), with LBW — in 50% (n=45) women.
In all mothers of the studied groups, pregnancy occurred naturally, only in the control group, assisted reproductive technologies were used in 3.3% of cases (Table 2).
Multiple pregnancy occurred in 13.3% (n=2) of mothers of newborns with ELBW, 30% (n=9) - with VLBW, 15.6% (n=7) - with LBW, and in one case of the control group. In the majority of mothers of the ELBW, VLBW, and LBW groups, childbirth was performed with a caesarean section 100%, 86.7% and 86.7%, respectively, and only in 2 (6.7%) women in the control group. The frequency of occurrence of previous spontaneous miscarriage, as well as recurrent miscarriage was in the ELBW group (13.3% and 26.7%, respectively), with VLBW (16.7% and 10%) and LBW (11.1% and 6.7%), and in all three groups these figures significantly exceeded those in the control group (3.3% and 3.3%). Our indicators corresponded to the results of literature data [4]. Extragenital pathology during pregnancy was more common in the study groups and only in 20.0% of cases (n=5) in the control group. The results on the prevalence of somatic diseases in mothers of children born with ELBW, VLBW and LBW are given in Table 3.
Table 3. The frequency of occurrence of somatic diseases in mothers of children born with ELBW, VLBW, LBW, and the control group
     
Thyroid diseases occurred in 40% of mothers of children born with ELBW, 33.3% - VLBW, 15.6% - LBW, in contrast to four cases (13.3%) in the control group. More often, mothers of patients in the main group, especially those with ELBW and VLBW, had cardiovascular diseases (heart disease), kidney disease, iron deficiency anemia, as well as cases of SARS and COVID-19 during pregnancy (Table 3).
The most frequent complications during pregnancy in mothers of the main group were the threat of abortion, chronic fetoplacental insufficiency, early toxicosis, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios. It should be noted that chronic placental insufficiency, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios were recorded only in the main group (table 4).
Table 4. Disturbances in the course of pregnancy and childbirth in mothers of children born with ELBW, VLBW, LBW, and control groups
     
Complications of the course of labor such as cervical ruptures, abnormalities of labor activity, bleeding, premature detachment of the placenta, infections were observed in 45.5% (n = 41) of women. Of these, in mothers of children with ELBW, this indicator was 73.3% (n = 11), with VLBW - 53.3% (n = 16), with LBW - 31.1% (n = 14), and in the control group it was equal to 3.3% (n=1).

4. Conclusions

Thus, when studying the obtained anamnestic data, it can be said with certainty that pregnancy and/or childbirth in all mothers of the study group of children born with ELBW, VLBW and LBW proceeded with complications. An analysis of the state data at birth showed that in children of the main group born with ELBW, VLBW, LBW, it was defined as moderate and severe, while in the control group it was satisfactory.

References

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