1. Introduction

Pituitary adenomas are one of the most common primary intracranial tumors. Usually benign, they account for 10–15% of all intracranial neoplasms [1,5]. Pituitary adenomas are very diverse, and among all brain tumors, pituitary adenomas account for 18% of all brain tumors in adults and occur equally in men and women. 50% of all pituitary adenomas occur in people aged 30-50 [3]. Magnetic resonance imaging remains the leading method for X-ray diagnosis of pituitary tumors. However, in the practice of neurosurgery, the pathomorphological justification of removed pituitary adenomas is important [4].

2. The Purpose of the Study

Determination of the pathomorphology of pituitary gland adenomas detected by magnetic resonance imaging.

3. Materials and Methods

Tissue fragments of 1x1x0.5 cm were taken from 14 (10 of them male, 4 female) patients who were diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging in the multidisciplinary clinic of the Samarkand State Medical University. Hematoxylin and eosin for histological sections prepared from slices.

Hematoxylin and eosin staining procedure:

It is the most widely used method for staining histological sections.

Sections are deparaffinized in chloroform, washed in distilled water, then a solution of hematoxylin is dripped onto the surface of the section and fixed for 3 minutes. It is washed in running water for 10 minutes and stained with eosin for 0.2 to 3 minutes. Dehydrated in 70° and 96° alcohol, transferred to carbol-xylene and xylene and covered with balsam.

Result: cell nuclei are stained blue-black, cytoplasm - dark purple.

Histological preparations were studied and photographed using a LeicaGME microscope (Leica, India) coupled with a LeicaEC3 digital camera (Leica, Singapore) and a Pentium IV computer. Photo processing was carried out using Windows Professional applications.

4. Results and Discussion

In our study, eosinophilic type of surgically removed pituitary adenoma was detected in 8 cases, and chromophobe type was detected in the remaining 6 cases. Microscopically, these adenomas have the following structure: in the chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary gland, in the preparations prepared for our study, the cell body is oval, and in other preparations, the cell body is polygonal, and the nucleus is oval and round. A state of necrosis of some cells is observed. It is noted that the cytoplasm is stained light pink. Remains of small blood vessels are visible between tumor cells and diapedesis hemorrhages are detected (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary gland. Diapedesis bleeding. Stained in hematoxylin-eosin. Ob.40, ok.10

In some cases, we can observe connective tissue trabeculae in the tumor (Fig. 2).

Figure 2. Chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary gland. Stained in hematoxylin-eosin. Ob.40, ok.10

In eosinophilic adenoma, in the micropreparations prepared during our research, the tumor is rich in small blood vessels, the tumor cells have a clear border, are round or oval or polygonal in shape. It is noted that their core is round and oval in shape (Fig. 3).

Figure 3. Eosinophilic adenoma of the pituitary gland. Stained in hematoxylin-eosin. Ob.40, ok.10

Small-sized α-granules are found in their cytoplasm. Polymorphism of cells and separate large cells are visible in some micropreparations.

Even in chromophobe adenoma, single mitosis dividing cells are detected. Fibrous tissue swelling was noted between the cells [2]. In our observations, it was found that the remnants of small blood vessels and in some cases connective tissue trabeculae were formed in the tumor cells.

5. Conclusions

Thus, a low level of polymorphism is observed in eosinophilic adenoma of the pituitary gland. This is manifested by the different size of the cells, the different sizes of their nuclei and their irregular arrangement. It is noted that the cells of chromophobe adenoma are small in size, and the cytoplasm is dim. Tumor cells sometimes grow into the epidural area, sometimes they erode the bone tissue where it is located. In particular, the detection of neurons in the peripheral areas of chromophobe adenoma indicates the possibility of shallow growth into the brain tissue.