1. Introduction

Scabies is a very common parasitic disease among humans. More than 250-300 million people in the world get this disease every year. If the patients are not given timely medical care, scabies is not only infectious for others, but can also cause a number of secondary diseases (pyoderma, allergic dermatitis, urticaria and other dermatoses) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7].

Around 4200-5800 cases of scabies are recorded among the population of our republic every year. In 2010, the intensive index was 15.5 per 100,000 population, and by 2022, this index has increased and will be 16.9. 50.0-55.0% of them are children under 14 years old. According to the statistical data, the distribution and recording of the disease in the regions of our republic do not match each other very well. For example: during 2022, only 116 (6.1) scabies patients were counted from the Khorezm region, 201 (5.0) from Samarkand, and only 107 (4.0) from the population of Tashkent. On the contrary, 850 (26.9) patients were registered in Andijan, 12.52 (43.7) in Namangan, and 410 (47.6) in Syrdarya. The question of why the statistical indicators are so different in these regions, where the way of life, population, customs, climate and the development of medicine are very close to each other, certainly makes us all think. The answer to this question is closely related to the improvement of laboratory diagnostics and the knowledge of personnel in the field of laboratory. In order to know the laboratory diagnosis, it is necessary to know well the morphobiological characteristics of the scabies mite, which is the causative agent of the disease [6].

Biomaterial for examination of scabies mite was taken in a special laboratory room. The room, used laboratory tools and equipment are frequently wiped with disinfectant solutions. A laboratory worker who wants to microscopically examine a scabies mite should know which areas of the patient have the most mites. For example, mites are found in many folds of the skin, where the stratum corneum is thick: on the edges of the palm, in the folds between the fingers, on the elbow, on the front wall of the armpits, around the edges of the heels and ankles, on the skin of the genitals, and on the skin of the female breasts [14].

Biomaterials from the patients were first scraped from the infected foci determined by the clinician on the basis of the doctor's referral, and then scrapings were taken from the elements of the rash, including blisters, nodules, and tick tracks. Each affected area was first cleaned with a gauze pad soaked in 70% ethyl alcohol. Sputum biopreparations were applied to the surface of the object glass with the same thickness. Then immersion oil, which is always available in the laboratory, was dripped on it. Then it was closed with a shutter. Before placing the drug in the field of view of the microscope, care was taken that its surface was flat. In the process of viewing, in the field of view of the microscope, cells of the epidermal corneal layer (flat cells without a nucleus, artofactors on the corneal layer) were visible. In most cases, they stick to each other and spread over a wide area. Erythrocytes from the cellular elements of the blood form red squares. On the contrary, the elements of pus are yellow and the collection of leukocytes is visible. Hair and loose fibers from underwear can also be seen [7,8,9,10].

In traditional methods, scabies mites can be found in preparations in 20-30% cases by mature specialists of the clinical laboratory of regional, city and inter-district dispensaries of skin-genital diseases [11,12,13].

In the laboratories of district medical associations, the detection of mites does not exceed 10-12%. Unfortunately, in most such laboratories, this indicator is equal to "zero". The reason is that they do not know how to find a tick. There is no question of identifying their eggs, larvae and excrement. That is why the main diagnosis by dermatovenerologists is determined based on the clinical picture of the disease. As a result, there are various misunderstandings with the employees of the Sanitary Epidemiological Peace and Public Health Service. They say that it is impossible to make a "diagnosis of scabies" if the tick is not found. As a result of these disagreements, epidemiological control of the disease remains difficult. Practicing doctors know that the incidence of scabies is several times higher than the statistics show. Defects in laboratory service play a special role in the occurrence of these problems.

We all know that bacteriological, serological, immunological and PCR analyzes are useless in determining the causative agent of scabies. One method is native microscopic examination of mites. However, it is worth noting that the detection rate of traditional methods used so far is very low [15,16,17]. Only highly experienced laboratory workers working in regional, city and inter-district dermatology clinical laboratories can find ticks in numbers. That is why disputes between clinical experts and laboratory workers in this regard have been going on for a long time.

Purpose of work. To develop of a new microscopic method for the detection of mites, the causative agent of scabies, by analyzing a series of methods.

2. Research Materials and Methods

In the process of implementation of the goal, biomaterials were taken from affected skin foci with the help of scarifications from 224 patients of different ages who were clinically suspected to have scabies in order to identify scabies.

3. Research Results

Microscopic studies of biopreparations obtained from skin foci infected with scabies mite were carried out in 224 patients of different ages (from 1 to 60 years) with clinical suspicion of scabies. The main group (using immersion oil) consisted of 112 patients, 89 of whom (79.5%) had scabies mites, larvae, eggs and excrement detected. Scabies mites were found in 34 (30.3%) of 112 patients examined in the control group (generally accepted methods). Thus, the detection rate of scabies mites, larvae, eggs and excrement increased by 2.5-2.6 times.

4. Conclusions

With the help of immersion oil, which is available in all laboratories, the excreta exposed to scabies mites, their larvae and eggs can be easily identified under the microscope, while they appear very clear and bright. Also, due to the use of immersion oil, other cell elements, for example, squamous epithelial cells, erythrocytes, leukocytes, are clearly visible in the field of view of the microscope.

The method is easy to perform, safe, painless, highly effective, convenient for all laboratories, quick and easy detection of the scabies pathogen, allows to increase the rate of detection of scabies mite in patients by 2-3 times compared to traditional methods. Diagnosis of scabies mites can also save biological disease. In order to train young doctors and laboratory assistants, scabies mite, larvae, eggs and excrement allow to store biopreparations for a long time. The method can be put into practice in a short period of time in all clinical diagnostic laboratories in the Health Care system.