[1] | Crowson Cs, Matteson EL, Maysoedova E, etal. The life time risk of adults onset rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory autoimmune rheumatic diseaseas. Arthritis Rheum. 2011; 63(3): 633-639. |
[2] | Livingston B, Bonner A, pope J. Differences in clinical manifestations between childhood-onset lupus and adult-onset lupus; a metanalysis Lupus. 2011 Nov. 20(13): 1345-55. |
[3] | American College of Rheumatology 1997 update of the 1982 American Collage of Rheumatology revised criteria for classification of SLE. Available at http;//tinyurl.com/1997 SLE criteria.sep.25, 2015. |
[4] | Arbuckle MR, Mc Clain MT, Rubertone MV, Scofield RH, Denn, s GJ, James JA, et al. Development of autoantibodies before the clinical onset of SLE.N. Engl. J Med. 2003; 349; 1526-1533. |
[5] | Munoz LE, Lauberk, Schiller M, Manfredi AA, Herrmann M. The role of defective clearance of apoptotic cells, systemic autoimmunity. Nat Rev. Rheumatol. 2010; 280-289. |
[6] | Singh S, Saxena R. Lupus nephritis. Am J Med Sci. 2009; 337(6): 451–60. |
[7] | Nowling TK, Gilkeson GS. Mechanisms of tissue injury in lupus nephritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011; 13(6): 250. |
[8] | Botto M, Walprt MJ. C1q, autoimmunity and apoptosis. Immunobiology. 2002; 205: 395-406. |
[9] | Tstutsumi A, Takahashi R, Sumidat. Mannose binding lectin: genetics and autoimmune disease Autoimmune Rev. 2005; 4364-372. |
[10] | M. Matsushita, “The ficolin family: an overview,” in Collagen-Related Lectins in Innate Immunity, D. Kilpatrick, Ed., pp. 17–31, Research Signpost, 2007. |
[11] | Plawecki M, Lheritier E, Clavarino G, Jourde-Chiche N, Ouili S, Paul S, et al. Association between the Presence of Autoantibodies Targeting Ficolin-3 and Active Nephritis in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. PloS One. 2016; 11(9): e0160879. |
[12] | E. Duvallet, L. Semerano, E. Assier, G. Falgarone, and M. C. Boissier, “Interleukin-23: a key cytokine in inflammatory diseases,” Annals of Medicine, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 503–511, 2011. |
[13] | Y. Iwakura and H. Ishigame, “The IL-23/IL-17 axis in inflammation,” The Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 116, no. 5, pp. 1218–1222, 2006. |
[14] | Kyttaris VC, Zhang Z, Kuchroo VK, Oukka M, Tsokos GC. Cutting edge: IL-23 receptor deficiency prevents the development of lupus nephritis in C57BL/6-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol. 2010; 184(9): 4605–9. |
[15] | Hochberg MC. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1997; 40(9): 1725. |
[16] | Weening JJ, D’Agati VD, Schwartz MM, Seshan SV, Alpers CE, Appel GB, et al. The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revised. J Am SocNephrol 2004; 15: 241–50. |
[17] | C. Bombardier, D. D. Gladman, M. B. Urowitz et al., “Derivation of the SLEDAI. A disease activity index for lupus patients,” Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 630– 640, 1992. |
[18] | Balow JE. Clinical presentation and monitoring of lupus nephritis. Lupus 2005; 14: 25–30. |
[19] | Dimitriou SG and Madaio MP. Renal damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. In: Tsokos GC, Gordon C, Smolen J (eds) Systemic lupus erythematosus: a companion to rheumatology. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby, 2007, pp.287–292. |
[20] | Nakashima H, Akahoshi M, Masutani K. Th1/Th2 balance of SLE patients with lupus nephritis. RinshoByori 2006; 54: 706–13. |
[21] | Dolff S, Bijl M, Huitema MG, Limburg PC, Kallenberg CG, Abdulahad WH. Disturbed Th1, Th2, Th17 and T(reg) balance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ClinImmunol 2011; 141: 197–204. |
[22] | Horwitz DA, Gray JD, Behrendsen SC, Kubin M, Rengaraju M, Ohtsuka K, et al. Decreased production of interleukin-12 and other Th1-type cytokines in patients with recent-onset systemic lupuserythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41: 838–44. |
[23] | Akahoshi M, Nakashima H, Tanaka Y, Kohsaka T, Nagano S, Ohgami E, et al. Th1/Th2 balance of peripheral T helper cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42: 1644–8. |
[24] | Park H, Li Z, Yang XO, Chang SH, Nurieva R, Wang YH, et al. Adistinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation byproducing interleukin 17. Nat Immunol 2005; 6: 1133–41. |
[25] | Qu N, Xu M, Mizoguchi I, Furusawa J, Kaneko K, Watanabe K, et al. Pivotal roles of T-helper 17-related cytokines, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23, in inflammatory diseases. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013: 968549. |
[26] | Taherian M, Razavi AR, Izad M, Boghozian R, Namdari H, Ghayedi M, et al. The role of interleukin-23 in stability of in vitro T helper-17 cells. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 13: 131–7. |
[27] | Zhang Z, Kyttaris VC, Tsokos GC. The role of IL-23/IL-17 axis in lupus nephritis. J Immunol 2009; 183: 3160–9. |
[28] | Kyttaris VC, Kampagianni O, Tsokos GC. Treatment with antiinterleukin 23 antibody ameliorates disease in lupus-prone mice.Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013: 861028. |
[29] | Qiu F, Song L, Yang N, Li X. Glucocorticoid downregulates expression of IL-12 family cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2013; 22: 1011–16. |
[30] | Mok MY, Wu HJ, Lo Y, Lau CS. The relation of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and IL-23 to Th1/Th2 cytokines and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2010; 37: 2046–52. |
[31] | D.-Y. Chen, Y.-M. Chen, M.-C. Wen, T.-Y. Hsieh, W.-T. Hung, and J.-L. Lan, “The potential role of Th17 cells and Th17-related cytokines in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis,” Lupus, vol. 21, no. 13, pp. 1385–1396, 2012. |
[32] | A. Zickert, P. Amoudruz, Y. Sundström, J. Rönnelid, V. Malmström, and I. Gunnarsson, “IL-17 and IL-23 in lupusnephritis - association to histopathology and response to treatment,” BMC Immunology, vol. 16, no. 7, p. 10, 2015. |
[33] | L. P. Xia, B. F. Li, H. Shen, and J. Lu, “Interleukin-27 and interleukin-23 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: possible role in lupus nephritis,” Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 200–205, 2015. |
[34] | J. Du, Z. Li, J. Shi, and L. Bi, “Associations between serum interleukin-23 levels and clinical characteristics in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus,” Journal of International Medical Research, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 1123–1130, 2014. |
[35] | Zhang Z, Kyttaris VC and Tsokos GC. The role of IL-23/IL-17 axis in lupus nephritis. J Immunol 2009; 183: 3160–3169. |
[36] | D. Salah Hegab, M. Mahmoud Gamei, W. Mohamed Saudi, D. Ezzat Abou Ammo, M. Mohamed El Bedewy, and N. Fathy Elhabian, “Role of interleukin-23 in the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus,” Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 120–125, 2014. |
[37] | M. Yin Mok, H. Jing Wu, Y. Lo, and C. Sing Lau, “The relation of interleukin 17 (IL-17) and IL-23 to Th1/Th2 cytokines and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus,” The Journal of Rheumatology, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 2046–2052, 2010. |
[38] | R. M. Talaat, S. F. Mohamed, I. H. Bassyouni, and A. A. Raouf, “Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cytokine imbalance in systemic lupuserythematosus (SLE) patients: correlation with disease activity,” Cytokine, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 146–153, 2015. |
[39] | C. K. Wong, L. C. W. Lit, L. S. Tam, E. K. M. Li, P. T. Y. Wong, and C. W. K. Lam, “Hyperproduction of IL-23 and IL-17 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: implications for Th17-mediated inflammation in auto-immunity,” Clinical Immunology, vol. 127, no. 3, pp. 385–393, 2008. |
[40] | X. Cheng, X. Yu, Y. J. Ding et al., “The Th17/Treg imbalance in patients with acute coronary syndrome,” Clinical Immunology, vol. 127, no. 1, pp. 89–97, 2008. |
[41] | Gunnarsson I, Sundelin B, Heimburger M, Forslid J, van Vollenhoven R, Lundberg I, et al. Repeated renal biopsy in proliferative lupus nephritis– predictive role of serum C1q and albuminuria. J Rheumatol. 2002; 29(4): 693–9. |
[42] | Hill GS, Delahousse M, Nochy D, Remy P, Mignon F, Mery JP, et al. Predictive power of the second renal biopsy in lupus nephritis: significance of macrophages. Kidney Int. 2001; 59(1): 304–16. |
[43] | Lightstone L. Lupus nephritis: where are we now? CurrOpinRheumatol. 2010; 22(3): 252–6. |
[44] | Rovin BH, Zhang X. Biomarkers for lupus nephritis: the quest continues. Clin J Am SocNephrol. 2009; 4(11): 1858–65. |
[45] | Mok CC. Biomarkers for lupus nephritis: a critical appraisal. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2010; 2010: 638413. |
[46] | Adhya Z, Borozdenkova S, Karim MY. The role of cytokines as biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011; 26(10): 3273–80. |
[47] | Ronnblom L, Elkon KB. Cytokines as therapeutic targets in SLE. Nat RevRheumatol. 2010; 6(6): 339–47. |
[48] | Davis LS, Hutcheson J, Mohan C. The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Interferon Cytokine Res.2011; 31(10): 781–9. |
[49] | De Souza A, Ali-Shaw T, Strober BE, Franks Jr AG. Successful treatment of subacute lupus erythematosus with ustekinumab. Arch Dermatol. 2011; 147(8): 896–8. |
[50] | Colliard S, Jourde-Chiche N, Clavarino G, Sarrot-Reynauld F, Gout E, Deroux A, Fougere M, Bardin N, Bouillet L, Cesbron JY, Thielens NM, Dumestre-Pérard C. Autoantibodies targeting ficolin-2 in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with active nephritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017 Oct 17. doi: 10.1002/acr.23449. |
[51] | Soliman S, Mohan C. Lupus nephritis biomarkers. ClinImmunol Orlando Fla. 2016; S1521-6616(16):30257-1. |
[52] | Plawecki M, Lheritier E, Clavarino G, Jourde-Chiche N, Ouili S, Paul S, et al. Association between the Presence of Autoantibodies Targeting Ficolin-3 and Active Nephritis in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. PloS One. 2016; 11(9): e0160879. |
[53] | Trouw AL, Daha MR. Role of anti-C1q autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. Expert OpinBiolTher. 2005; 5(2): 243-51. |
[54] | Nisihara RM, Magrini F, Mocelin V, Messias-Reason IJ. Deposition of the lectin pathway of complement in renal biopsies of lupus nephritis patients. Hum Immunol. 2013; 74(8): 90710. |